वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-57, verse-20

धर्मे प्रयतमानस्य यज्ञं चाहर्तुमिच्छतः ।
परितोषं न गच्छन्ति गुरवो मुनिपुंगव ॥२०॥

20. dharme prayatamānasya yajñaṃ cāhartumicchataḥ ,
paritoṣaṃ na gacchanti guravo munipuṃgava.

20. dharme prayatamānasya yajñam ca āhartum icchataḥ
| paritoṣam na gacchanti guravaḥ munipuṅgava

20. he munipuṅgava,
dharme prayatamānasya ca yajñam āhartum icchataḥ (janasya) guravaḥ paritoṣam na gacchanti

20. O chief among sages (muni), the gurus (guru) are not satisfied with someone who strives in the way of natural law (dharma) and desires to perform a Vedic ritual (yajña).

Words meanings summery:

• धर्मे (dharme) - in the way of natural law (dharma) (in natural law, in constitution, in duty, in righteousness)

• प्रयतमानस्य (prayatamānasya) - of one striving, of one endeavoring, of one exerting oneself

• यज्ञम् (yajñam) - a Vedic ritual

• च (ca) - and

• आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to perform, to bring about, to fetch

• इच्छतः (icchataḥ) - of one wishing, of one desiring

• परितोषम् (paritoṣam) - satisfaction, contentment

• न (na) - not

• गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they attain (satisfaction) (they go, they attain, they reach)

• गुरवः (guravaḥ) - the gurus, the teachers, the respected ones

• मुनिपुङ्गव (munipuṅgava) - O chief among sages, O best of ascetics

Words meanings and morphology

धर्मे (dharme) - in the way of natural law (dharma) (in natural law, in constitution, in duty, in righteousness)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, proper conduct

From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sphere of action or adherence.

प्रयतमानस्य (prayatamānasya) - of one striving, of one endeavoring, of one exerting oneself

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prayatamāna

prayatamāna - striving, endeavoring, exerting oneself

present middle participle

Present Middle Participle of `pra-√yat` (to strive, endeavor).

Prefix: pra

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Qualifies an implied person.

यज्ञम् (yajñam) - a Vedic ritual

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, worship

From root `yaj` (to perform Vedic ritual, to worship).

Root: yaj (class 1)

Note: Object of `āhartum`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction particle.

Note: Connects the two participial phrases.

आहर्तुम् (āhartum) - to perform, to bring about, to fetch

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form of `ā-√hṛ`.

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Infinitive of purpose, depending on `icchataḥ`.

इच्छतः (icchataḥ) - of one wishing, of one desiring

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of icchat

icchat - wishing, desiring

present active participle

Present Active Participle of root `iṣ` (to wish, desire).

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies an implied person, parallel to `prayatamānasya`.

परितोषम् (paritoṣam) - satisfaction, contentment

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paritoṣa

paritoṣa - satisfaction, contentment, gratification

From `pari-√tuṣ` (to be pleased).

Prefix: pari

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

Note: Object of `gacchanti`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

गच्छन्ति (gacchanti) - they attain (satisfaction) (they go, they attain, they reach)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of gam

present tense

Present indicative, 3rd person plural, active voice (parasmaipada) of root `gam`.

Root: gam (class 1)

गुरवः (guravaḥ) - the gurus, the teachers, the respected ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide, respected person

From root `gṛ` (to praise) or `gurv` (to raise).

Note: Subject of `gacchanti`.

मुनिपुङ्गव (munipuṅgava) - O chief among sages, O best of ascetics

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of munipuṅgava

munipuṅgava - chief among sages, best of ascetics

Compound: muni (sage) + puṅgava (bull, chief, excellent one).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muni+puṅgava)

• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)
  From root `man` (to think).
  Root: man (class 4)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent, prominent
  noun (masculine)