वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-57, verse-2

प्रत्याख्यातो ऽसि दुर्बुद्धे गुरुणा सत्यवादिना ।
तं कथं समतिक्रम्य शाखान्तरमुपेयिवान् ॥२॥

2. pratyākhyāto'si durbuddhe guruṇā satyavādinā ,
taṃ kathaṃ samatikramya śākhāntaramupeyivān.

2. pratyākhyātaḥ asi durbuddhe guruṇā satyavādinā
tam katham samatikramya śākhāntaram upeyivān

2. durbuddhe tvam (implied) satyavādinā guruṇā pratyākhyātaḥ
asi katham tam samatikramya śākhāntaram upeyivān

2. O foolish one, you have been rejected by your truthful guru. How then, having disregarded him, did you approach another branch of priests?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रत्याख्यातः (pratyākhyātaḥ) - rejected, repudiated, denied

• असि (asi) - you are

• दुर्बुद्धे (durbuddhe) - O foolish one, O evil-minded one

• गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the guru, by the teacher

• सत्यवादिना (satyavādinā) - by the truthful one, by the one who speaks truth

• तम् (tam) - him (the guru) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• कथम् (katham) - how? why?

• समतिक्रम्य (samatikramya) - having disregarded, having transgressed, having overcome

• शाखान्तरम् (śākhāntaram) - another branch of priests or family line (another branch, another lineage (of priests/family))

• उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - you have approached, you have gone to

Words meanings and morphology

प्रत्याख्यातः (pratyākhyātaḥ) - rejected, repudiated, denied

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratyākhyāta

pratyākhyāta - rejected, refused, abandoned, denied

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root khyā (to tell, to declare) with prefixes prati and ā

Prefixes: prati+ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

दुर्बुद्धे (durbuddhe) - O foolish one, O evil-minded one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of durbuddhi

durbuddhi - evil-minded, foolish, dull-witted

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+buddhi)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil, ill-
  prefix
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, mind, reason
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)

गुरुणा (guruṇā) - by the guru, by the teacher

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide

सत्यवादिना (satyavādinā) - by the truthful one, by the one who speaks truth

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of satyavādin

satyavādin - speaking truth, truthful, veracious

Compound of 'satya' (truth) and 'vādin' (speaking)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satya+vādin)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vādin – speaking, speaker, proclaiming
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/Adjective from root vad
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'guruṇā'

तम् (tam) - him (the guru) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कथम् (katham) - how? why?

(indeclinable)

समतिक्रम्य (samatikramya) - having disregarded, having transgressed, having overcome

(indeclinable)

Root: kram (class 1)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) form of root kram with prefixes sam and ati. sam-ati-kramya.

शाखान्तरम् (śākhāntaram) - another branch of priests or family line (another branch, another lineage (of priests/family))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śākhāntara

śākhāntara - another branch, different branch

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śākhā+antara)

• śākhā – branch, limb, division, lineage, school
  noun (feminine)
• antara – other, different, distinct, foreign
  adjective (neuter)

उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - you have approached, you have gone to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upeyivas

upeyivas - having gone to, having approached

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'upa'

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)