वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-57, verse-18

अनृतं नोक्त पूर्वं मे न च वक्ष्ये कदा चन ।
कृच्छ्रेष्वपि गतः सौम्य क्षत्रधर्मेण ते शपे ॥१८॥

18. anṛtaṃ nokta pūrvaṃ me na ca vakṣye kadā cana ,
kṛcchreṣvapi gataḥ saumya kṣatradharmeṇa te śape.

18. anṛtam na uktam pūrvam me na ca vakṣye kadā cana
kṛcchreṣu api gataḥ saumya kṣatradharmeṇa te śape

18. me anṛtam pūrvam na uktam ca na kadā cana vakṣye
saumya kṛcchreṣu api gataḥ te kṣatradharmeṇa śape

18. Untruth has never been spoken by me previously, nor will I ever speak it. Even when I am in distress, O gentle one, I swear to you by the constitution (dharma) of the warrior class.

Words meanings summery:

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie

• न (na) - not, no

• उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said, told

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before, previously, formerly

• मे (me) - by me

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also, nor

• वक्ष्ये (vakṣye) - I will speak, I shall say

• कदा (kadā) - when?

• चन (cana) - even, also (often used with interrogatives to form indefinites)

• कृच्छ्रेषु (kṛcchreṣu) - in difficulties, in distress, in hard times

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, situated, being in (a state)

• सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O mild one

• क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - by the duty of a warrior, by the constitution of a warrior

• ते (te) - to you

• शपे (śape) - I swear, I vow

Words meanings and morphology

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, lie

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, falsehood, lie, untrue, dishonest

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

उक्तम् (uktam) - spoken, said, told

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, uttered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before, previously, formerly

(indeclinable)

Used adverbially here.

मे (me) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Used here in a passive construction: 'by me (not) spoken'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, nor

(indeclinable)

वक्ष्ये (vakṣye) - I will speak, I shall say

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of vac

Future Middle

Future tense, 1st person singular, middle voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

कदा (kadā) - when?

(indeclinable)

चन (cana) - even, also (often used with interrogatives to form indefinites)

(indeclinable)

Note: Together 'kadā cana' means 'ever, at any time'.

कृच्छ्रेषु (kṛcchreṣu) - in difficulties, in distress, in hard times

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, painful, distressed, trouble, difficulty, penance

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached, situated, being in (a state)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, passed, reached, being in (a state or condition)

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Here, 'being in difficulties'.

सौम्य (saumya) - O gentle one, O mild one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saumya

saumya - gentle, mild, auspicious, benevolent, relating to Soma

Note: Used as an address.

क्षत्रधर्मेण (kṣatradharmeṇa) - by the duty of a warrior, by the constitution of a warrior

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - duty (dharma) of a warrior (kṣatriya), the constitution of the warrior class

Compound type : tatpurusha (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – rule, dominion, power, the warrior class, royalty
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, cosmic order
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

ते (te) - to you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Note: Enclitic form of dative singular for 'you'.

शपे (śape) - I swear, I vow

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (lat) of śap

Present Middle

Present tense, 1st person singular, middle voice.

Root: śap (class 1)