वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-45, verse-8

गते तस्मिन्नरश्रेष्ठ दितिः परमहर्षिता ।
कुशप्लवनमासाद्य तपस्तेपे सुदारुणम् ॥८॥

8. gate tasminnaraśreṣṭha ditiḥ paramaharṣitā ,
kuśaplavanamāsādya tapastepe sudāruṇam.

8. gate tasmin nareśreṣṭha ditiḥ paramaharṣitā
kuśaplavanam āsādya tapaḥ tepe sudāruṇam

8. nareśreṣṭha tasmin gate ditiḥ paramaharṣitā
kuśaplavanam āsādya sudāruṇam tapaḥ tepe

8. O best among men, when he had gone, Diti, exceedingly delighted, went to Kuśaplavana and performed very severe asceticism (tapas).

Words meanings summery:

• गते (gate) - When he had gone (used in locative absolute construction with 'tasmin') (gone, departed, having gone)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When he (referring to Kaśyapa), used in locative absolute (in him, on that, at that time)

• नरेश्रेष्ठ (nareśreṣṭha) - Addressed to the listener/narratee (O best among men, O chief of men)

• दितिः (ditiḥ) - Wife of Kaśyapa, mother of Daityas (Diti (a proper name))

• परमहर्षिता (paramaharṣitā) - Qualifies Diti (exceedingly delighted, greatly gladdened)

• कुशप्लवनम् (kuśaplavanam) - A specific location where Diti performed her austerities (Kuśaplavana (name of a place/region))

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having obtained, having approached

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas), austerity, penance

• तेपे (tepe) - Diti performed severe asceticism (tapas) (performed (tapas), heated oneself, practiced)

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - Qualifies the asceticism (tapas) performed (very severe, exceedingly harsh, extremely terrible)

Words meanings and morphology

गते (gate) - When he had gone (used in locative absolute construction with 'tasmin') (gone, departed, having gone)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, arrived, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'tasmin'

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - When he (referring to Kaśyapa), used in locative absolute (in him, on that, at that time)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used in locative absolute construction with 'gate'

नरेश्रेष्ठ (nareśreṣṭha) - Addressed to the listener/narratee (O best among men, O chief of men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśreṣṭha

naraśreṣṭha - best among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śreṣṭha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nṛ (class 1)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of praśasya (excellent)

दितिः (ditiḥ) - Wife of Kaśyapa, mother of Daityas (Diti (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of diti

diti - Diti (proper name)

परमहर्षिता (paramaharṣitā) - Qualifies Diti (exceedingly delighted, greatly gladdened)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paramaharṣita

paramaharṣita - exceedingly delighted

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+harṣita)

• parama – supreme, highest, utmost
  adjective
• harṣita – delighted, gladdened, joyful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root hṛṣ (to be thrilled)
  Root: hṛṣ (class 1)

कुशप्लवनम् (kuśaplavanam) - A specific location where Diti performed her austerities (Kuśaplavana (name of a place/region))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kuśaplavana

kuśaplavana - Kuśaplavana (a proper noun)

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having reached, having obtained, having approached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund (prefix-bound)

Derived from root sad with upasarga ā-

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas), austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - asceticism, austerity, heat, penance

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of the verb 'tepe'

तेपे (tepe) - Diti performed severe asceticism (tapas) (performed (tapas), heated oneself, practiced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of tap

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, ātmanepada

Root: tap (class 1)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - Qualifies the asceticism (tapas) performed (very severe, exceedingly harsh, extremely terrible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very severe, exceedingly harsh

Compound of su (very) and dāruṇa (severe)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix/adverb
• dāruṇa – harsh, severe, dreadful
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: dṝ (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'tapaḥ'