वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-45, verse-4

तस्यास्तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा मारीचः काश्यपस्तदा ।
प्रत्युवाच महातेजा दितिं परमदुःखिताम् ॥४॥

4. tasyāstadvacanaṃ śrutvā mārīcaḥ kāśyapastadā ,
pratyuvāca mahātejā ditiṃ paramaduḥkhitām.

4. tasyāḥ tat vacanam śrutvā marīcaḥ kāśyapaḥ tadā
pratyuvāca mahātejāḥ ditim paramaduḥkhitām

4. tasyāḥ tat vacanam śrutvā tadā mahātejāḥ marīcaḥ
kāśyapaḥ paramaduḥkhitām ditim pratyuvāca

4. Having heard her words, Marīca Kaśyapa, the greatly radiant one, then replied to Diti, who was extremely distressed.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - her, of her

• तत् (tat) - her (specific) word/statement (that, this)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• मरीचः (marīcaḥ) - Marīca

• काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly radiant, very energetic, glorious

• दितिम् (ditim) - to Diti

• परमदुःखिताम् (paramaduḥkhitām) - extremely distressed, overwhelmed with sorrow

Words meanings and morphology

तस्याः (tasyāḥ) - her, of her

(pronoun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she

Note: Possessive, refers to Diti.

तत् (tat) - her (specific) word/statement (that, this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers to the previously spoken words, object of `śrutvā`.

वचनम् (vacanam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, statement, saying

From root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `śrutvā`.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable (absolutive))

मरीचः (marīcaḥ) - Marīca

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of marīca

marīca - Marīca (a sage, son of Brahmā), a ray of light, dust, pepper

Note: Subject of `pratyuvāca`.

काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - Kaśyapa (a celebrated sage, father of gods, demons, men, etc.), a tortoise

Note: Epithet for Marīca.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time, modifies `pratyuvāca`.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pratīvac

Perfect 3rd person singular active, from root `vac` (to speak) with prefix `prati`.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly radiant, very energetic, glorious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - greatly brilliant, very energetic, glorious, possessing great splendor

Bahuvrīhi compound: `mahā` (great) + `tejas` (splendor, energy).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• tejas – splendor, energy, sharp edge, fiery spirit
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies Marīca Kaśyapa.

दितिम् (ditim) - to Diti

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diti

diti - Diti (proper noun, mother of the Daityas), freedom, release

Note: Object of `pratyuvāca`.

परमदुःखिताम् (paramaduḥkhitām) - extremely distressed, overwhelmed with sorrow

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of paramaduḥkhitā

paramaduḥkhita - extremely distressed, overwhelmed with sorrow

Compound of `parama` (supreme, extreme) and `duḥkhita` (distressed), a past passive participle from `duḥkh` (to suffer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+duḥkhita)

• parama – supreme, highest, extreme, chief
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• duḥkhita – distressed, suffering, pained
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `duḥkh` (to suffer).
  Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `ditim`.