वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-45, verse-1

हतेषु तेषु पुत्रेषु दितिः परमदुःखिता ।
मारीचं काश्यपं राम भर्तारमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. hateṣu teṣu putreṣu ditiḥ paramaduḥkhitā ,
mārīcaṃ kāśyapaṃ rāma bhartāramidamabravīt.

1. hateṣu teṣu putreṣu ditiḥ paramaduḥkhitā
marīcam kāśyapam rāma bhartāram idam abravīt

1. rāma teṣu putreṣu hateṣu ditiḥ paramaduḥkhitā
marīcam kāśyapam bhartāram idam abravīt

1. O Rāma, when those sons were killed, Diti, extremely distressed, said this to her husband, Marīca Kaśyapa.

Words meanings summery:

• हतेषु (hateṣu) - among those killed, having been killed

• तेषु (teṣu) - among those (sons) (among those, in those)

• पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - among the sons, regarding the sons

• दितिः (ditiḥ) - The mother of the Daityas. (Diti)

• परमदुःखिता (paramaduḥkhitā) - extremely distressed, overwhelmed with sorrow

• मरीचम् (marīcam) - to Marīca (one of the Prajāpatis, a sage) (to Marīca)

• काश्यपम् (kāśyapam) - to Kaśyapa (another name for Marīca, as a descendant of Kaśyapa Prajāpati) (to Kaśyapa)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma (vocative, addressing the listener of the story) (O Rāma)

• भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - to her husband, to the supporter

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (statement)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

हतेषु (hateṣu) - among those killed, having been killed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed, past, gone

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `han` (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies `putreṣu` in a locative absolute construction.

तेषु (teṣu) - among those (sons) (among those, in those)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies `putreṣu`.

पुत्रेषु (putreṣu) - among the sons, regarding the sons

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

दितिः (ditiḥ) - The mother of the Daityas. (Diti)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of diti

diti - Diti (proper noun, mother of the Daityas), freedom, release

Note: Subject of `abravīt`.

परमदुःखिता (paramaduḥkhitā) - extremely distressed, overwhelmed with sorrow

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paramaduḥkhita

paramaduḥkhita - extremely distressed, overwhelmed with sorrow

Compound of `parama` (supreme, extreme) and `duḥkhita` (distressed), a past passive participle from `duḥkh` (to suffer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+duḥkhita)

• parama – supreme, highest, extreme, chief
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
• duḥkhita – distressed, suffering, pained
  adjective (masculine/feminine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root `duḥkh` (to suffer)
  Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `ditiḥ`.

मरीचम् (marīcam) - to Marīca (one of the Prajāpatis, a sage) (to Marīca)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of marīca

marīca - Marīca (a sage, son of Brahmā), a ray of light, dust, pepper

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

काश्यपम् (kāśyapam) - to Kaśyapa (another name for Marīca, as a descendant of Kaśyapa Prajāpati) (to Kaśyapa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāśyapa

kāśyapa - Kaśyapa (a celebrated sage, father of gods, demons, men, etc.), a tortoise

Note: Epithet for Marīca.

राम (rāma) - O Rāma (vocative, addressing the listener of the story) (O Rāma)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a celebrated Hindu deity, an incarnation of Viṣṇu), pleasing, delightful, dark

Note: Addressing the listener of the narration.

भर्तारम् (bhartāram) - to her husband, to the supporter

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, supporter, master, lord, maintainer

Agent noun from root `bhṛ` (to bear, support, maintain).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Qualifies Marīca Kaśyapa.

इदम् (idam) - this, this (statement)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect 3rd person singular active, from root `brū`.

Root: brū (class 2)