वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-45, verse-16

दृष्ट्वा तामशुचिं शक्रः पादतः कृतमूर्धजाम् ।
शिरःस्थाने कृतौ पादौ जहास च मुमोद च ॥१६॥

16. dṛṣṭvā tāmaśuciṃ śakraḥ pādataḥ kṛtamūrdhajām ,
śiraḥsthāne kṛtau pādau jahāsa ca mumoda ca.

16. dṛṣṭvā tām aśucim śakraḥ pādataḥ kṛtamūrdhajām
śiraḥsthāne kṛtau pādau jahāsa ca mumoda ca

16. śakraḥ,
tām aśucim pādataḥ kṛtamūrdhajām (ca) śiraḥsthāne kṛtau pādau (ca) dṛṣṭvā,
jahāsa ca mumoda ca.

16. Seeing her (Diti) impure (aśuci), with her hair at her feet and her feet placed where her head should be, Indra laughed and rejoiced.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (Diti) (having seen)

• ताम् (tām) - her (Diti) (her, that (feminine))

• अशुचिम् (aśucim) - impure (Diti) (impure, unclean)

• शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra

• पादतः (pādataḥ) - at her feet (from the feet, at the feet)

• कृतमूर्धजाम् (kṛtamūrdhajām) - whose head-hair was at her feet (implying inverted posture) (whose hair is placed, with hair placed)

• शिरःस्थाने (śiraḥsthāne) - in the place where the head should be (in the place of the head, at the head's position)

• कृतौ (kṛtau) - (two feet) placed (two placed, two made)

• पादौ (pādau) - her two feet (two feet)

• जहास (jahāsa) - Indra laughed (he laughed)

• च (ca) - and

• मुमोद (mumoda) - Indra rejoiced (he rejoiced, he was glad)

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (Diti) (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root dṛś (to see) + ktvā suffix

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Gerund, connecting with the main verb `jahāsa` and `mumoda`.

ताम् (tām) - her (Diti) (her, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.

अशुचिम् (aśucim) - impure (Diti) (impure, unclean)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aśuci

aśuci - impure, unclean

Prefix a- (negation) + śuci (pure)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+śuci)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• śuci – pure, clean, bright
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies `tām`.

शक्रः (śakraḥ) - Indra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful, mighty

Note: Subject of `jahāsa` and `mumoda`.

पादतः (pādataḥ) - at her feet (from the feet, at the feet)

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas applied to pāda (foot)

Note: Adverb indicating location.

कृतमूर्धजाम् (kṛtamūrdhajām) - whose head-hair was at her feet (implying inverted posture) (whose hair is placed, with hair placed)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kṛtamūrdhajā

kṛtamūrdhajā - whose hair is done/placed; with hair placed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+mūrdhaja)

• kṛta – done, made, placed
  participle (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root kṛ + kta suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• mūrdhaja – hair of the head
  noun (masculine)
  Compound: mūrdhan (head) + ja (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies `tām`.

शिरःस्थाने (śiraḥsthāne) - in the place where the head should be (in the place of the head, at the head's position)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śiraḥsthāna

śiraḥsthāna - place of the head

Compound: śiras (head) + sthāna (place)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (śiras+sthāna)

• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• sthāna – place, position, abode
  noun (neuter)
  Root sthā + ana suffix
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

कृतौ (kṛtau) - (two feet) placed (two placed, two made)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, placed

Past Passive Participle

Root kṛ (to do, to make, to place) + kta suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Describes the state of the feet.

पादौ (pādau) - her two feet (two feet)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, quarter, ray

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'were'.

जहास (jahāsa) - Indra laughed (he laughed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of has

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated root has, perfect tense formation

Root: has (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

मुमोद (mumoda) - Indra rejoiced (he rejoiced, he was glad)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of mud

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Reduplicated root mud, perfect tense formation

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Main verb.