वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-45, verse-12

अथ वर्षसहस्रेतु दशोने रघु नन्दन ।
दितिः परमसंप्रीता सहस्राक्षमथाब्रवीत् ॥१२॥

12. atha varṣasahasretu daśone raghu nandana ,
ditiḥ paramasaṃprītā sahasrākṣamathābravīt.

12. atha varṣasahasre tu daśa ūne raghu nandana
ditiḥ parama samprītā sahasrākṣam atha abravīt

12. raghu nandana atha tu varṣasahasre daśa ūne
ditiḥ parama samprītā atha sahasrākṣam abravīt

12. O delight of Raghu, then, after nine hundred and ninety years (a thousand lacking ten), Diti, extremely pleased, then spoke to Indra (Sahasrakṣa).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, indicating sequence (then, thereupon, now, next)

• वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - after a period of one thousand years (minus ten) (in a thousand years, after a thousand years)

• तु (tu) - introduces a slight shift or emphasis (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• दश (daśa) - ten (years) (ten)

• ऊने (ūne) - lacking (ten years), minus ten (lacking, deficient, less)

• रघु (raghu) - King Raghu (Raghu (a legendary king, ancestor of Rama))

• नन्दन (nandana) - O delight, O son (of Raghu) (delight, son, child)

• दितिः (ditiḥ) - Diti, the mother of the Daityas (Diti (a proper noun))

• परम (parama) - extremely, greatly (supreme, highest, excellent)

• सम्प्रीता (samprītā) - greatly pleased (pleased, delighted, contented)

• सहस्राक्षम् (sahasrākṣam) - to Indra (to the thousand-eyed one, to Indra)

• अथ (atha) - then, indicating the speech immediately followed (then, thereupon, now, next)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Diti spoke (to Indra) (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, indicating sequence (then, thereupon, now, next)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating commencement or sequence.

वर्षसहस्रे (varṣasahasre) - after a period of one thousand years (minus ten) (in a thousand years, after a thousand years)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound of 'varṣa' (year) and 'sahasra' (thousand).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)

तु (tu) - introduces a slight shift or emphasis (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

दश (daśa) - ten (years) (ten)

(numeral)

Note: Often treated as neuter singular or plural when declined. Here likely locative singular in compound with ūna.

ऊने (ūne) - lacking (ten years), minus ten (lacking, deficient, less)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ūna

ūna - lacking, deficient, less, wanting

Root: un (class 5)

Note: In context, 'daśa ūne' functions as a single unit modifying 'varṣasahasre'.

रघु (raghu) - King Raghu (Raghu (a legendary king, ancestor of Rama))

(proper noun)

masculine, singular of raghu

raghu - swift, quick; name of a celebrated king, ancestor of Rama

Note: Forms part of the vocative compound 'raghunandana'.

नन्दन (nandana) - O delight, O son (of Raghu) (delight, son, child)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nandana

nandana - delight, child, son, pleasing, gladdening

From root 'nand' (to rejoice).

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: 'raghu nandana' functions as a vocative compound.

दितिः (ditiḥ) - Diti, the mother of the Daityas (Diti (a proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of diti

diti - Diti, mother of the Daityas

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

परम (parama) - extremely, greatly (supreme, highest, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, highest, excellent, ultimate, greatest

Superlative form of 'para'.

Note: Functions as the first part of a compound adjective modifying Diti.

सम्प्रीता (samprītā) - greatly pleased (pleased, delighted, contented)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of samprīta

prī - to please, to gladden, to love

Past Passive Participle

From root 'prī' (class 9), with prefix 'sam', '-ta' suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: 'paramasaṃprītā' is a compound adjective.

सहस्राक्षम् (sahasrākṣam) - to Indra (to the thousand-eyed one, to Indra)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sahasrākṣa

sahasrākṣa - thousand-eyed, an epithet of Indra

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sahasra+akṣa)

• sahasra – thousand
  numeral (neuter)
• akṣa – eye
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अथ (atha) - then, indicating the speech immediately followed (then, thereupon, now, next)

(indeclinable)

Particle indicating commencement or sequence.

Note: Precedes the verb 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Diti spoke (to Indra) (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Tense (Laṅ)

Root 'brū' (class 2), imperfect tense.

Root: brū (class 2)