वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-45, verse-15

एवमुक्त्वा दितिः शक्रं प्राप्ते मध्यं दिवाकरे ।
निद्रयापहृता देवी पादौ कृत्वाथ शीर्षतः ॥१५॥

15. evamuktvā ditiḥ śakraṃ prāpte madhyaṃ divākare ,
nidrayāpahṛtā devī pādau kṛtvātha śīrṣataḥ.

15. evam uktvā ditiḥ śakram prāpte madhyam divākare
nidrayā apahṛtā devī pādau kṛtvā atha śīrṣataḥ

15. evam śakram uktvā,
ditiḥ; divākare madhyam prāpte (sati),
devī nidrayā apahṛtā (abhavat),
atha pādau śīrṣataḥ kṛtvā (śayita).

15. Having spoken thus to Indra, as the sun reached its zenith (midday), the goddess Diti was overcome by sleep and, placing her feet where her head should be, she assumed an inauspicious posture.

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (this) (having said, having spoken)

• दितिः (ditiḥ) - Diti, mother of the Daityas (Diti (proper noun))

• शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it (the sun) had reached (having reached, when it reached)

• मध्यम् (madhyam) - middle (of the sky, i.e., zenith/midday) (middle, center, midday)

• दिवाकरे (divākare) - the sun (sun, day-maker)

• निद्रया (nidrayā) - by sleep

• अपहृता (apahṛtā) - overcome (by sleep) (carried away, overcome, stolen)

• देवी (devī) - goddess Diti (goddess, divine woman)

• पादौ (pādau) - her feet (two feet)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed (having done, having made, having placed)

• अथ (atha) - and (then, and, now)

• शीर्षतः (śīrṣataḥ) - at the head (place where head should be) (from the head, at the head)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb qualifying `uktvā`.

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said (this) (having said, having spoken)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root vac (to speak) + ktvā suffix (irregular formation)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Forms part of a compound verbal construction.

दितिः (ditiḥ) - Diti, mother of the Daityas (Diti (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of diti

diti - Diti (mother of Daityas), division, liberality

Note: Subject of the sentence.

शक्रम् (śakram) - Indra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - Indra, powerful, mighty

Note: Object of `uktvā` (implied 'to Indra').

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when it (the sun) had reached (having reached, when it reached)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - reached, attained

Past Passive Participle

Prefix pra- + root āp (to obtain, to reach) + kta suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Forms part of the locative absolute construction `divākare madhyam prāpte`.

मध्यम् (madhyam) - middle (of the sky, i.e., zenith/midday) (middle, center, midday)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, midday

Note: Object of `prāpte`.

दिवाकरे (divākare) - the sun (sun, day-maker)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun, day-maker

Compound: divā (day) + kara (maker)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, daily
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doer, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  Root `kṛ` + `a` suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Forms part of the locative absolute construction `divākare madhyam prāpte`.

निद्रया (nidrayā) - by sleep

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nidrā

nidrā - sleep

Note: Agent of the passive `apahṛtā`.

अपहृता (apahṛtā) - overcome (by sleep) (carried away, overcome, stolen)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of apahṛta

apahṛta - carried away, stolen, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Prefix apa- + root hṛ (to seize, to carry) + kta suffix

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for `devī`.

देवी (devī) - goddess Diti (goddess, divine woman)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, divine woman

Note: Subject.

पादौ (pādau) - her feet (two feet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of pāda

pāda - foot, quarter, ray

Note: Object of `kṛtvā`.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed (having done, having made, having placed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root kṛ (to do, to make, to place) + ktvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Gerund modifying the action of Diti.

अथ (atha) - and (then, and, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two actions.

शीर्षतः (śīrṣataḥ) - at the head (place where head should be) (from the head, at the head)

(indeclinable)

Ablative suffix -tas applied to śīrṣa (head)

Note: Indicates location.