वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-41, verse-9

अगत्वा निश्चयं राजा तेषामुद्धरणं प्रति ।
व्याधिना नरशार्दूल कालधर्ममुपेयिवान् ॥९॥

9. agatvā niścayaṃ rājā teṣāmuddharaṇaṃ prati ,
vyādhinā naraśārdūla kāladharmamupeyivān.

9. agatvā niścayam rājā teṣām uddharaṇam prati
vyādhinā naraśārdūla kāladharmam upeyivān

9. naraśārdūla rājā teṣām uddharaṇam prati
niścayam agatvā vyādhinā kāladharmam upeyivān

9. O tiger among men (naraśārdūla)! Without having reached a firm resolution regarding their deliverance, the king succumbed to the inevitability of death (kāladharma) due to illness.

Words meanings summery:

• अगत्वा (agatvā) - without having gone, without having reached

• निश्चयम् (niścayam) - decision, resolution, certainty

• राजा (rājā) - king

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• उद्धरणम् (uddharaṇam) - deliverance, uplifting, rescue

• प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

• व्याधिना (vyādhinā) - by illness, by disease

• नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - Addressed to Rama. (O tiger among men! O best of men!)

• कालधर्मम् (kāladharmam) - the law of time, death, natural fate

• उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - one who has attained, reached, succumbed to

Words meanings and morphology

अगत्वा (agatvā) - without having gone, without having reached

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root 'gam' (to go) + 'ktvā' suffix. Prefixed with 'a' for negation.

Prefix: a

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Negative absolutive

निश्चयम् (niścayam) - decision, resolution, certainty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - ascertainment, conviction, firm decision

From 'ni-ci' root.

Prefix: ni

Root: ci (class 5)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

उद्धरणम् (uddharaṇam) - deliverance, uplifting, rescue

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uddharaṇa

uddharaṇa - lifting up, drawing out, deliverance, rescue

action noun

From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, support) with prefixes 'ud' (up) + 'ā' (towards), often implying 'drawing up' or 'lifting out'.

Prefixes: ud+hṛ

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रति (prati) - towards, regarding, concerning

(indeclinable)

व्याधिना (vyādhinā) - by illness, by disease

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyādhi

vyādhi - illness, disease, sickness

From 'vi-ā-dhā' (to place apart, to disturb).

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

नरशार्दूल (naraśārdūla) - Addressed to Rama. (O tiger among men! O best of men!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of naraśārdūla

naraśārdūla - tiger among men, chief of men, best of men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+śārdūla)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• śārdūla – tiger, best of, eminent
  noun (masculine)

कालधर्मम् (kāladharmam) - the law of time, death, natural fate

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāladharma

kāladharma - the law of time, death, the natural course of life and death

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāla+dharma)

• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – law, duty, intrinsic nature, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to hold, sustain) + 'man' suffix.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

उपेयिवान् (upeyivān) - one who has attained, reached, succumbed to

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of upeyivas

upeyivas - one who has approached, gone to, attained

Perfect Active Participle

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'upa' (towards) + 'vasu' suffix (perfect active participle).

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)