वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-41, verse-1

कालधर्मं गते राम सगरे प्रकृतीजनाः ।
राजानं रोचयामासुरंशुमन्तं सुधार्मिकम् ॥१॥

1. kāladharmaṃ gate rāma sagare prakṛtījanāḥ ,
rājānaṃ rocayāmāsuraṃśumantaṃ sudhārmikam.

1. kāladharmam gate rāma sagare prakṛtījanāḥ
rājānam rocayāmāsuḥ aṃśumantam sudhārmikam

1. rāma sagare kāladharmam gate prakṛtījanāḥ
sudhārmikam aṃśumantam rājānam rocayāmāsuḥ

1. O Rama, when Sagara passed away (having gone to the law of time (kāladharma)), the subjects (prakṛti) chose Aṃśumat, who was very righteous, as their king.

Words meanings summery:

• कालधर्मम् (kāladharmam) - the process of death (the law of time, the condition of death)

• गते (gate) - having passed away (having gone, having reached)

• राम (rāma) - O Rama

• सगरे (sagare) - when Sagara (in Sagara)

• प्रकृतीजनाः (prakṛtījanāḥ) - the citizens of the kingdom (the subjects, the people)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• रोचयामासुः (rocayāmāsuḥ) - they chose (as king) (they liked, they chose, they were pleased by)

• अंशुमन्तम् (aṁśumantam) - Aṃśumat

• सुधार्मिकम् (sudhārmikam) - very righteous, highly virtuous

Words meanings and morphology

कालधर्मम् (kāladharmam) - the process of death (the law of time, the condition of death)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kāladharma

kāladharma - the law of time, the condition of death, one's natural end

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kāla+dharma)

• kāla – time, death
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – law, duty, intrinsic nature, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

गते (gate) - having passed away (having gone, having reached)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

From root gam with kta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

राम (rāma) - O Rama

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (a proper name), pleasing, dark

सगरे (sagare) - when Sagara (in Sagara)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sagara

sagara - Sagara (a mythical king)

प्रकृतीजनाः (prakṛtījanāḥ) - the citizens of the kingdom (the subjects, the people)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prakṛtījana

prakṛtījana - people, subjects, citizens

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prakṛti+jana)

• prakṛti – nature, origin, subjects (of a king)
  noun (feminine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• jana – person, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun.

रोचयामासुः (rocayāmāsuḥ) - they chose (as king) (they liked, they chose, they were pleased by)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of rocayāmāsuḥ

Perfect 3rd person plural

Causative stem rocaya + perfect auxiliary endings āsuḥ. Formed as rocayāmāsuḥ (periphrastic perfect).

Root: ruc (class 1)

Note: Periphrastic perfect formation.

अंशुमन्तम् (aṁśumantam) - Aṃśumat

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aṃśumat

aṁśumat - Aṃśumat (name of a king), radiant, luminous

mat-suffix noun.

सुधार्मिकम् (sudhārmikam) - very righteous, highly virtuous

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sudhārmika

sudhārmika - very righteous, highly virtuous, observing (dharma) well

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+dhārmika)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  prefix
• dhārmika – righteous, virtuous, just
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from dharma.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)