वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-41, verse-5

दिलीपस्तु महातेजाः श्रुत्वा पैतामहं वधम् ।
दुःखोपहतया बुद्ध्या निश्चयं नाध्यगच्छत ॥५॥

5. dilīpastu mahātejāḥ śrutvā paitāmahaṃ vadham ,
duḥkhopahatayā buddhyā niścayaṃ nādhyagacchata.

5. dilīpaḥ tu mahātejāḥ śrutvā paitāmahaṃ vadham
duḥkhopahatayā buddhyā niścayaṃ na adhyagacchata

5. mahātejāḥ dilīpaḥ tu paitāmahaṃ vadham śrutvā
duḥkhopahatayā buddhyā niścayaṃ na adhyagacchata

5. But the greatly powerful Dilīpa, having heard of the slaughter of his paternal grandfathers, could not reach a decision, his intellect afflicted by sorrow.

Words meanings summery:

• दिलीपः (dilīpaḥ) - Dilīpa

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

• महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly powerful, radiant, mighty

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• पैतामहं (paitāmahaṁ) - the slaughter of his paternal grandfathers (Sagara's sons) (pertaining to the paternal grandfather, ancestral (from the grandfather))

• वधम् (vadham) - killing, slaughter, destruction

• दुःखोपहतया (duḥkhopahatayā) - by intellect afflicted by sorrow (by (one) afflicted by sorrow, damaged by grief)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by understanding, by reason

• निश्चयं (niścayaṁ) - resolution, decision, certainty

• न (na) - not, no

• अध्यगच्छत (adhyagacchata) - could not reach (a decision) (attained, reached, comprehended)

Words meanings and morphology

दिलीपः (dilīpaḥ) - Dilīpa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dilīpa

dilīpa - A proper name, specifically a king in the Ikshvaku dynasty, ancestor of Rama.

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed

(indeclinable)

महातेजाः (mahātejāḥ) - greatly powerful, radiant, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātejas

mahātejas - of great splendor or power, very energetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+tejas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, radiance, power, energy
  noun (neuter)

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'śru' (to hear) with suffix '-tvā'

Root: śru (class 5)

पैतामहं (paitāmahaṁ) - the slaughter of his paternal grandfathers (Sagara's sons) (pertaining to the paternal grandfather, ancestral (from the grandfather))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of paitāmaha

paitāmaha - relating to a paternal grandfather, ancestral, belonging to Brahmā

Note: Qualifies 'vadham'

वधम् (vadham) - killing, slaughter, destruction

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vadha

vadha - killing, murder, slaying

From root 'vadh' (to strike, kill)

Root: vadh (class 1)

दुःखोपहतया (duḥkhopahatayā) - by intellect afflicted by sorrow (by (one) afflicted by sorrow, damaged by grief)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of duḥkhopahata

duḥkhopahata - afflicted by sorrow, struck by misery

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+upahata)

• duḥkha – sorrow, suffering, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)
• upahata – struck, wounded, afflicted, damaged
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' with prefix 'upa'
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'buddhyā'

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect, by understanding, by reason

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, reason

From root 'budh' (to know, wake)

Root: budh (class 1)

निश्चयं (niścayaṁ) - resolution, decision, certainty

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niścaya

niścaya - certainty, ascertainment, resolution, firm determination

From root 'ci' with prefix 'nis'

Prefix: nis

Root: ci (class 5)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अध्यगच्छत (adhyagacchata) - could not reach (a decision) (attained, reached, comprehended)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of adhi-gam

Imperfect (Laṅ) 3rd singular

From root 'gam' with prefix 'adhi'

Prefix: adhi

Root: gam (class 1)