वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-41, verse-14

ततः सुरगणैः सार्धमुपागम्य पितामहः ।
भगीरथं महात्मानं तप्यमानमथाब्रवीत् ॥१४॥

14. tataḥ suragaṇaiḥ sārdhamupāgamya pitāmahaḥ ,
bhagīrathaṃ mahātmānaṃ tapyamānamathābravīt.

14. tataḥ suragaṇaiḥ sārdham upāgamya pitāmahaḥ
bhagīratham mahātmānam tapyamānam atha abravīt

14. tataḥ pitāmahaḥ suragaṇaiḥ sārdham upāgamya
atha tapyamānam mahātmānam bhagīratham abravīt

14. Then, the grandfather (Brahma), accompanied by the hosts of gods, approached the great-souled Bhagiratha, who was still performing his penance (tapas), and spoke to him.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently, after Brahma was pleased (then, thence, afterwards)

• सुरगणैः (suragaṇaiḥ) - accompanied by various deities (by the hosts of gods, with the retinues of deities)

• सार्धम् (sārdham) - in the company of (together with, accompanied by)

• उपागम्य (upāgamya) - after coming near (to Bhagiratha) (having approached, having come near)

• पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Lord Brahma, the creator (grandfather, paternal grandfather, Brahma (as the grandfather of all beings))

• भगीरथम् (bhagīratham) - King Bhagiratha (Bhagiratha)

• महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the noble and steadfast Bhagiratha (great-souled, noble, magnificent)

• तप्यमानम् (tapyamānam) - while he was engaged in his penance (undergoing penance, being heated)

• अथ (atha) - immediately thereafter (then, now, moreover)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Brahma spoke (he spoke, he said)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - subsequently, after Brahma was pleased (then, thence, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

सुरगणैः (suragaṇaiḥ) - accompanied by various deities (by the hosts of gods, with the retinues of deities)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suragaṇa

suragaṇa - host of gods, assembly of deities

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+gaṇa)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – host, retinue, group, multitude
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used with 'sārdham'.

सार्धम् (sārdham) - in the company of (together with, accompanied by)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

उपागम्य (upāgamya) - after coming near (to Bhagiratha) (having approached, having come near)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from root gam (to go) with prefix upa and ā

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Denotes an action completed before the main verb 'abravīt'.

पितामहः (pitāmahaḥ) - Lord Brahma, the creator (grandfather, paternal grandfather, Brahma (as the grandfather of all beings))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - paternal grandfather, Brahma (as the great ancestor of mankind)

Note: Refers to Brahma, the subject of 'abravīt'.

भगीरथम् (bhagīratham) - King Bhagiratha (Bhagiratha)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhagīratha

bhagīratha - Bhagiratha (name of a king)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

महात्मानम् (mahātmānam) - the noble and steadfast Bhagiratha (great-souled, noble, magnificent)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, magnanimous, noble

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'bhagīratham'.

तप्यमानम् (tapyamānam) - while he was engaged in his penance (undergoing penance, being heated)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tap

tap - to heat, to perform penance

Present Middle Participle

from root tap (to heat, to perform penance), passive sense (being made to undergo penance)

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bhagīratham', indicating his state.

अथ (atha) - immediately thereafter (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - Brahma spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

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