वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-38, verse-8

ह्रियमाणे तु काकुत्स्थ तस्मिन्नश्वे महात्मनः ।
उपाध्याय गणाः सर्वे यजमानमथाब्रुवन् ॥८॥

8. hriyamāṇe tu kākutstha tasminnaśve mahātmanaḥ ,
upādhyāya gaṇāḥ sarve yajamānamathābruvan.

8. hriyamāṇe tu kākutstha tasmin aśve mahātmanaḥ
| upādhyāyagaṇāḥ sarve yajamānam atha abruvan

8. kākutstha tu tasmin mahātmanaḥ aśve hriyamāṇe
sarve upādhyāyagaṇāḥ atha yajamānam abruvan

8. But, O descendant of Kakutstha, while that horse belonging to the great-souled king was being stolen, all the groups of preceptors (upādhyāya-gaṇāḥ) then spoke to the patron of the Vedic ritual (yajamānam).

Words meanings summery:

• ह्रियमाणे (hriyamāṇe) - while being stolen (while being carried away, while being stolen)

• तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O descendant of Kakutstha (vocative addressing Rāma) (O descendant of Kakutstha)

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

• अश्वे (aśve) - in the horse, on the horse

• महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled king (Sagara) (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

• उपाध्यायगणाः (upādhyāyagaṇāḥ) - all the groups of preceptors/priests (groups of preceptors, assemblies of teachers)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• यजमानम् (yajamānam) - the patron of the Vedic ritual (King Sagara) (the performer of the Vedic ritual, the sacrificer)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

• अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke (they spoke, they said)

Words meanings and morphology

ह्रियमाणे (hriyamāṇe) - while being stolen (while being carried away, while being stolen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hriyamāṇa

hriyamāṇa - being carried away, being stolen

Present Passive Participle

Derived from the root √hṛ (to carry, steal) in the passive voice with the suffix -māṇa, used here in a locative absolute construction.

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तु (tu) - but (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

काकुत्स्थ (kākutstha) - O descendant of Kakutstha (vocative addressing Rāma) (O descendant of Kakutstha)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha (an ancient king, ancestor of Rāma)

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that, on that

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Note: Agrees with 'aśve' in a locative absolute construction.

अश्वे (aśve) - in the horse, on the horse

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse

Note: Agrees with 'hriyamāṇe' in a locative absolute construction.

महात्मनः (mahātmanaḥ) - of the great-souled king (Sagara) (of the great-souled one, of the noble one)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to King Sagara.

उपाध्यायगणाः (upādhyāyagaṇāḥ) - all the groups of preceptors/priests (groups of preceptors, assemblies of teachers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of upādhyāyagaṇa

upādhyāyagaṇa - a group of teachers or preceptors

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upādhyāya+gaṇa)

• upādhyāya – preceptor, teacher, priest
  noun (masculine)
• gaṇa – group, multitude, assembly
  noun (masculine)

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, entire

Note: Agrees with 'upādhyāyagaṇāḥ'.

यजमानम् (yajamānam) - the patron of the Vedic ritual (King Sagara) (the performer of the Vedic ritual, the sacrificer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yajamāna

yajamāna - sacrificer, host of a Vedic ritual, patron

Present Middle Participle

Derived from the root √yaj (to worship, sacrifice) with the middle voice participle suffix -māna.

Root: yaj (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then (then, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अब्रुवन् (abruvan) - they spoke (they spoke, they said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (past) (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect

Third person plural imperfect, active voice of the root √brū (class 2).

Root: brū (class 2)