वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-30, verse-19

ते ऽस्तं गते दिनकरे स्नात्वा हुतहुताशनाः ।
विश्वामित्रं पुरस्कृत्य निषेदुरमितौजसः ॥१९॥

19. te'staṃ gate dinakare snātvā hutahutāśanāḥ ,
viśvāmitraṃ puraskṛtya niṣeduramitaujasaḥ.

19. te astam gate dinakare snātvā hutahutāśanāḥ
viśvāmitram पुरस्कृत्य निषेदुः अमितौजसः

19. dinakare astam gate te amitaujasaḥ snātvā
hutahutāśanāḥ viśvāmitram पुरस्कृत्य निषेदुः

19. After the sun (dinakara) had set, those mighty ones, having bathed and offered oblations to the sacrificial fire, sat down, placing Viśvāmitra at the forefront.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - the sages (they)

• अस्तम् (astam) - the setting of the sun (setting, disappearance)

• गते (gate) - the sun having set (having gone, having set)

• दिनकरे (dinakare) - when the sun (dinakara) had set (in the sun, when the sun)

• स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

• हुतहुताशनाः (hutahutāśanāḥ) - the sages, for whom oblations have been offered to the sacrificial fire (having offered oblations to the fire)

• विश्वामित्रम् (viśvāmitram) - Viśvāmitra

• पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed Viśvāmitra in front (having placed in front, having honored)

• निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down

• अमितौजसः (amitaujasaḥ) - those sages, who were mighty (of immeasurable vigor/energy, mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - the sages (they)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the sages.

अस्तम् (astam) - the setting of the sun (setting, disappearance)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asta

asta - home, setting (of sun/moon), disappearance, end

Accusative of motion towards 'setting'.

गते (gate) - the sun having set (having gone, having set)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached

Past Passive Participle

From √gam (to go). Locative singular.

Root: gam (class 1)

दिनकरे (dinakare) - when the sun (dinakara) had set (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dinakara

dinakara - sun, maker of day (dinakara)

Compound 'dina' (day) + 'kara' (maker).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dina+kara)

• dina – day
  noun (masculine)
• kara – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: In locative absolute construction with 'gate'.

स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √snā + tvā suffix

Root: snā (class 2)

Note: Denotes prior action.

हुतहुताशनाः (hutahutāśanāḥ) - the sages, for whom oblations have been offered to the sacrificial fire (having offered oblations to the fire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hutahutāśana

hutahutāśana - one for whom oblations have been offered to the fire

Bahuvrihi compound: 'huta' (offered) + 'hutāśana' (fire).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (huta+hutāśana)

• huta – offered, sacrificed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √hu (to offer)
  Root: hu (class 3)
• hutāśana – fire, consumer of oblations
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'huta' (oblation) + 'aśana' (eating/consuming)

Note: Qualifies 'te' (the sages).

विश्वामित्रम् (viśvāmitram) - Viśvāmitra

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (a proper name, famous sage)

Note: Object of 'puraskṛtya'.

पुरस्कृत्य (puraskṛtya) - having placed Viśvāmitra in front (having placed in front, having honored)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from puras-√kṛ + -ya suffix.

Prefix: puras

Root: kṛ (class 8)

निषेदुः (niṣeduḥ) - they sat down

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (Lit) of ni-sad

Perfect Active

3rd person plural Perfect active

Prefix: ni

Root: sad (class 1)

अमितौजसः (amitaujasaḥ) - those sages, who were mighty (of immeasurable vigor/energy, mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of amitaujas

amitaujas - of immeasurable strength, mighty, vigorous

Bahuvrihi compound: 'amita' (immeasurable) + 'ojas' (vigor).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (amita+ojas)

• amita – unmeasured, immeasurable
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From a-√mā (not to measure)
  Prefix: a
  Root: mā (class 2)
• ojas – vigor, strength, energy
  noun (neuter)