वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-30, verse-10

धनुषस्तस्य वीर्यं हि जिज्ञासन्तो महीक्षितः ।
न शेकुरारोपयितुं राजपुत्रा महाबलाः ॥१०॥

10. dhanuṣastasya vīryaṃ hi jijñāsanto mahīkṣitaḥ ,
na śekurāropayituṃ rājaputrā mahābalāḥ.

10. dhanuṣaḥ tasya vīryam hi jijñāsantaḥ mahīkṣitaḥ
na śekuḥ āropayitum rājaputrāḥ mahābalāḥ

10. hi tasya dhanuṣaḥ vīryam jijñāsantaḥ mahīkṣitaḥ
ca mahābalāḥ rājaputrāḥ na śekuḥ āropayitum

10. Indeed, desiring to test the power of that bow, kings and mighty princes were unable to string it.

Words meanings summery:

• धनुषः (dhanuṣaḥ) - of the bow

• तस्य (tasya) - of that, his

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - prowess, valor, power, strength

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

• जिज्ञासन्तः (jijñāsantaḥ) - desiring to know, wishing to test

• महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - kings, rulers of the earth

• न (na) - not

• शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

• आरोपयितुम् (āropayitum) - to string (the bow) (to string, to cause to ascend, to place upon)

• राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

• महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - very strong, mighty

Words meanings and morphology

धनुषः (dhanuṣaḥ) - of the bow

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow, arc, rainbow

तस्य (tasya) - of that, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - prowess, valor, power, strength

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - prowess, valor, strength, power, energy

Root: vīr (class 10)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly, for

(indeclinable)

जिज्ञासन्तः (jijñāsantaḥ) - desiring to know, wishing to test

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jijñāsat

jijñāsat - desiring to know, wishing to inquire, wishing to test

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Desiderative stem of `jñā` (to know) + Present Active Participle suffix `śatṛ`

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'mahīkṣitaḥ' and 'rājaputrāḥ'.

महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - kings, rulers of the earth

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahīkṣit

mahīkṣit - king, ruler of the earth

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+kṣit)

• mahī – earth, ground
  noun (feminine)
• kṣit – ruling, inhabiting, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `kṣi` (to rule, to dwell)
  Root: kṣi (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

शेकुः (śekuḥ) - they were able

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (lit) of śak

Perfect 3rd Plural

Root `śak` (to be able), perfect tense, 3rd person, plural number.

Root: śak (class 5)

आरोपयितुम् (āropayitum) - to string (the bow) (to string, to cause to ascend, to place upon)

(indeclinable)

infinitive (causative)

Causative stem of `ā-ruh` (to ascend, to mount) + infinitive suffix `-tum`

Prefix: ā

Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Used as an infinitive

राजपुत्राः (rājaputrāḥ) - princes, sons of kings

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rājaputra

rājaputra - prince, son of a king

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+putra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)

महाबलाः (mahābalāḥ) - very strong, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābala

mahābala - great strength, mighty, very powerful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'rājaputrāḥ'.