वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-17, verse-28

स दृष्ट्वा ज्वलितं दीप्त्या तापसं संशितव्रतम् ।
प्रहृष्टवदनो राजा ततो ऽर्घ्यमुपहारयत् ॥२८॥

28. sa dṛṣṭvā jvalitaṃ dīptyā tāpasaṃ saṃśitavratam ,
prahṛṣṭavadano rājā tato'rghyamupahārayat.

28. saḥ dṛṣṭvā jvalitam dīptyā tāpasam saṃśitavratam
pra-hṛṣṭa-vadanaḥ rājā tataḥ arghyam upahārayat

28. rājā saḥ dīptyā jvalitam saṃśitavratam tāpasam
dṛṣṭvā tataḥ pra-hṛṣṭa-vadanaḥ arghyam upahārayat

28. The king, having seen the ascetic who was blazing with splendor and steadfast in his vows, then, with a joyful face, offered the oblation (arghya).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - the king (he)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (the ascetic) (having seen)

• ज्वलितम् (jvalitam) - blazing (with splendor) (blazing, shining, ignited)

• दीप्त्या (dīptyā) - with splendor (by splendor, by radiance, with light)

• तापसम् (tāpasam) - the ascetic (sage Viśvāmitra) (an ascetic, a hermit)

• संशितव्रतम् (saṁśitavratam) - steadfast in his vows (one whose vows are firmly fixed, firm in vows, ascetic)

• प्र-हृष्ट-वदनः (pra-hṛṣṭa-vadanaḥ) - with a joyful face (with a joyful face, having a delighted countenance)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Daśaratha) (king, ruler)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

• अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - the oblation (water for respectful reception) (offering (of respect, water, etc.), respectful offering)

• उपहारयत् (upahārayat) - presented, caused to be offered (caused to offer, presented, brought)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - the king (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the king.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (the ascetic) (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root dṛś with suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

ज्वलितम् (jvalitam) - blazing (with splendor) (blazing, shining, ignited)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jvalita

jvalita - blazing, shining, inflamed, ignited

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root jval.

Root: jval (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'tāpasam'.

दीप्त्या (dīptyā) - with splendor (by splendor, by radiance, with light)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of dīpti

dīpti - splendor, brilliance, light, beauty

Derived from root dīp.

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Denotes the means or cause.

तापसम् (tāpasam) - the ascetic (sage Viśvāmitra) (an ascetic, a hermit)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tāpasa

tāpasa - an ascetic, a hermit

Derived from tapas.

Note: The object of 'having seen'.

संशितव्रतम् (saṁśitavratam) - steadfast in his vows (one whose vows are firmly fixed, firm in vows, ascetic)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśitavrata

saṁśitavrata - one whose vows are firmly fixed, firm in vows, ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃśita+vrata)

• saṃśita – sharpened, firm, resolute
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śo/śi with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: śo (class 4)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'tāpasam'.

प्र-हृष्ट-वदनः (pra-hṛṣṭa-vadanaḥ) - with a joyful face (with a joyful face, having a delighted countenance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pra-hṛṣṭa-vadana

pra-hṛṣṭa-vadana - with a joyful face, having a delighted countenance

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pra-hṛṣṭa+vadana)

• pra-hṛṣṭa – greatly delighted, joyful
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hṛṣ with prefix pra-.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: hṛṣ (class 4)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'rājā'.

राजा (rājā) - the king (Daśaratha) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: The subject of the sentence.

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - the oblation (water for respectful reception) (offering (of respect, water, etc.), respectful offering)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arghya

arghya - offering, respectful offering, water for respectful reception

Gerundive

Derived from root arh, 'to be worthy'.

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'upahārayat'.

उपहारयत् (upahārayat) - presented, caused to be offered (caused to offer, presented, brought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Imperfect (Laṅ), Causative

Formed from root hṛ with prefix upa-. Causative stem 'hāri' + imperfect ending.

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

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