मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-11, verse-31
एवं संसारचक्रेऽस्मिन् जन्तवो घटियन्त्रवत् ।
भ्राम्यन्ते प्राकृतैर्बन्धैर्बद्ध्वा बाध्यन्ति चासकृत् ॥३१॥
भ्राम्यन्ते प्राकृतैर्बन्धैर्बद्ध्वा बाध्यन्ति चासकृत् ॥३१॥
31. evaṃ saṃsāracakre'smin jantavo ghaṭiyantravat .
bhrāmyante prākṛtairbandhairbaddhvā bādhyanti cāsakṛt.
bhrāmyante prākṛtairbandhairbaddhvā bādhyanti cāsakṛt.
31.
evam saṃsāracakre asmin jantavaḥ ghaṭiyantravat
bhrāmyante prākṛtaiḥ bandhaiḥ baddhvā bādhyanti ca asakṛt
bhrāmyante prākṛtaiḥ bandhaiḥ baddhvā bādhyanti ca asakṛt
31.
In this manner, within this cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra), living beings are whirled around like a water-wheel, repeatedly bound by material attachments and subjected to torment.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so
- संसारचक्रे (saṁsāracakre) - in the cycle of transmigration, in the wheel of existence
- अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this
- जन्तवः (jantavaḥ) - living beings, creatures
- घटियन्त्रवत् (ghaṭiyantravat) - like a water-wheel, like a Persian wheel
- भ्राम्यन्ते (bhrāmyante) - they are whirled, they revolve, they wander
- प्राकृतैः (prākṛtaiḥ) - by bonds originating from material nature (prakṛti) (by natural, by material, by common)
- बन्धैः (bandhaiḥ) - by bonds, by attachments, by fetters
- बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, having been bound
- बाध्यन्ति (bādhyanti) - they are tormented, they are afflicted (they torment, they afflict, they are tormented)
- च (ca) - and, also
- असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, constantly, not once
Words meanings and morphology
एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so
(indeclinable)
संसारचक्रे (saṁsāracakre) - in the cycle of transmigration, in the wheel of existence
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of saṃsāracakra
saṁsāracakra - the wheel of transmigration (saṃsāra), the cycle of birth and death
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃsāra+cakra)
- saṃsāra – transmigration, cycle of rebirth, worldly existence (saṃsāra)
noun (masculine)
From root sṛ (to flow, move) with prefix sam (together) and suffix ghañ (action noun).
Prefix: sam
Root: sṛ (class 1) - cakra – wheel, discus, circle, cycle
noun (neuter)
अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this
(pronoun)
Locative, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this, that
Note: Agrees with `saṃsāracakre`.
जन्तवः (jantavaḥ) - living beings, creatures
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of jantu
jantu - creature, living being, animal, man
From root jan (to be born) + tu (kṛt suffix).
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Subject of `bhrāmyante`.
घटियन्त्रवत् (ghaṭiyantravat) - like a water-wheel, like a Persian wheel
(indeclinable)
Compound of ghaṭī-yantra (water-wheel) + -vat (suffix for resemblance).
Compound type : avyayībhāva (ghaṭīyantra+vat)
- ghaṭīyantra – water-wheel, Persian wheel
noun (neuter)
Compound of ghaṭī (pot, jar) and yantra (machine, instrument). - vat – like, similar to, as
indeclinable
Taddhita suffix -vat indicating similarity.
Note: Functions as an adverb modifying `bhrāmyante`.
भ्राम्यन्ते (bhrāmyante) - they are whirled, they revolve, they wander
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle/passive, present (laṭ) of bhram
Present Middle
Root bhram (1st class, but here appears to be a passive form or 4th class 'bhrāmyate' meaning to roam/whirl oneself/to be whirled).
Root: bhram (class 1)
प्राकृतैः (prākṛtaiḥ) - by bonds originating from material nature (prakṛti) (by natural, by material, by common)
(adjective)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of prākṛta
prākṛta - natural, ordinary, material, common, produced from original nature (prakṛti)
From prakṛti + aṇ (taddhita suffix).
Note: Agrees with `bandhaiḥ`.
बन्धैः (bandhaiḥ) - by bonds, by attachments, by fetters
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of bandha
bandha - bond, tie, fetter, attachment, imprisonment
From root bandh (to bind) + a (kṛt suffix).
Root: bandh (class 9)
बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having bound, having been bound
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
From root bandh (to bind) + ktvā (suffix for absolutive). The root final 'dh' becomes 'ddh' before ktvā.
Root: bandh (class 9)
बाध्यन्ति (bādhyanti) - they are tormented, they are afflicted (they torment, they afflict, they are tormented)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of bādh
Present Active
Root bādh (1st class, Ātmanepada). Here, used in Parasmaipada form, which can sometimes carry a passive implication in contexts of suffering.
Root: bādh (class 1)
Note: Often translated with a passive sense in contexts describing suffering.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, constantly, not once
(indeclinable)
Compound of a (negation) + sakṛt (once).
Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sakṛt)
- a – not, un-
indeclinable
Negative particle. - sakṛt – once, at once
indeclinable
Note: Modifies `bādhyanti`.