मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-11, verse-25
नरकेषु महद्दुः खमेतद् यत् स्वर्गवासिनः ।
दृश्यन्ते तात मोदन्ते पात्यमानाश्च नारकाः ॥२५॥
दृश्यन्ते तात मोदन्ते पात्यमानाश्च नारकाः ॥२५॥
25. narakeṣu mahadduḥ khametad yat svargavāsinaḥ .
dṛśyante tāta modante pātyamānāśca nārakāḥ.
dṛśyante tāta modante pātyamānāśca nārakāḥ.
25.
narakeṣu mahat duḥkham etat yat svargavāsinaḥ
| dṛśyante tāta modante pātyamānāḥ ca nārakāḥ
| dṛśyante tāta modante pātyamānāḥ ca nārakāḥ
25.
O dear one (tāta), this is the great suffering in the hells: that the residents of heaven are seen enjoying themselves, while the inhabitants of hell are being cast down (into torment).
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- नरकेषु (narakeṣu) - in the hells (in the hells, among the hells)
- महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important, immense)
- दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, misery, sorrow)
- एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one, it)
- यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause) (that, which, because, since)
- स्वर्गवासिनः (svargavāsinaḥ) - residents of heaven (dwellers in heaven, heavenly beings)
- दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen (are seen, appear, are observed)
- तात (tāta) - O dear one (tāta) (O dear one, father, son)
- मोदन्ते (modante) - enjoying themselves, they rejoice (they rejoice, are pleased, enjoy)
- पात्यमानाः (pātyamānāḥ) - those being cast down (into torment) (those being thrown down, those being cast down, those being made to fall)
- च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
- नारकाः (nārakāḥ) - inhabitants of hell (dwellers in hell, infernal beings, hellish)
Words meanings and morphology
नरकेषु (narakeṣu) - in the hells (in the hells, among the hells)
(noun)
Locative, neuter, plural of naraka
naraka - hell, underworld, place of torment, punishment
महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important, immense)
(adjective)
Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat
mahat - great, large, important, immense, mighty, noble
Present active participle of root 'mah' (to be great), used as an adjective.
Root: mah (class 1)
Note: Agrees with `duḥkham`.
दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering (suffering, pain, misery, sorrow)
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha
duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow, unhappiness
duḥ (bad) + kha (axle-hole, space). Opposite of sukha.
एतत् (etat) - this (this, this one, it)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this one, it
Near demonstrative pronoun.
यत् (yat) - that (introducing a clause) (that, which, because, since)
(pronoun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of yad
yad - that, which, who, what, because, since
Relative pronoun.
स्वर्गवासिनः (svargavāsinaḥ) - residents of heaven (dwellers in heaven, heavenly beings)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of svargavāsin
svargavāsin - dweller in heaven, heavenly being, celestial
Tatpurusha compound: svarga (heaven) + vāsin (dweller, from root vas 'to dwell').
Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+vāsin)
- svarga – heaven, celestial world, abode of gods
noun (masculine) - vāsin – dwelling, abiding, inhabiting; a dweller, inhabitant
adjective (masculine)
Agent noun / adjective from root vas (to dwell)
From root vas (to dwell, to abide) with suffix -in
Root: vas (class 1)
दृश्यन्ते (dṛśyante) - are seen (are seen, appear, are observed)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of dṛś
present passive third plural
From root dṛś (to see), passive stem `dṛśya-`
Root: dṛś (class 1)
तात (tāta) - O dear one (tāta) (O dear one, father, son)
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta
tāta - father, son, dear one (vocative), respected sir
Used as an endearing term of address.
मोदन्ते (modante) - enjoying themselves, they rejoice (they rejoice, are pleased, enjoy)
(verb)
3rd person , plural, middle, present (lat) of mud
present middle third plural
From root mud (to rejoice).
Root: mud (class 1)
पात्यमानाः (pātyamānāḥ) - those being cast down (into torment) (those being thrown down, those being cast down, those being made to fall)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of pātyamāna
pātyamāna - being thrown down, being made to fall, being felled, being cast down
Present Passive Participle
From causative root pat (pātay-) + māna (passive participle suffix).
Root: pat (class 1)
च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)
(indeclinable)
नारकाः (nārakāḥ) - inhabitants of hell (dwellers in hell, infernal beings, hellish)
(adjective)
Nominative, masculine, plural of nāraka
nāraka - hellish, belonging to hell; an inhabitant of hell, a demon
Derived from naraka (hell) + aṇ (suffix).