मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-11, verse-21
पुनश्च मरणं तद्वज्जन्म चाप्नोति मानवः ।
ततः संसारचक्रेऽस्मिन् भ्राम्यते घटियन्त्रवत् ॥२१॥
ततः संसारचक्रेऽस्मिन् भ्राम्यते घटियन्त्रवत् ॥२१॥
21. punaśca maraṇaṃ tadvajjanma cāpnoti mānavaḥ .
tataḥ saṃsāracakre'smin bhrāmyate ghaṭiyantravat.
tataḥ saṃsāracakre'smin bhrāmyate ghaṭiyantravat.
21.
punaḥ ca maraṇam tadvat janma ca āpnoti mānavaḥ
tataḥ saṃsāra-cakre asmin bhrāmyate ghaṭi-yantra-vat
tataḥ saṃsāra-cakre asmin bhrāmyate ghaṭi-yantra-vat
21.
And so, a human being repeatedly experiences death and birth. Thus, he revolves in this cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra) just like a water-wheel.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly (again, further, moreover)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)
- तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, in the same way (as the stages of life) (like that, in the same manner, similarly)
- जन्म (janma) - birth (birth, origin, life)
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he experiences (death and birth) (he attains, obtains, reaches)
- मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being (human being, man, descendant of Manu)
- ततः (tataḥ) - thus, as a result (then, thereafter, from that)
- संसार-चक्रे (saṁsāra-cakre) - in the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra) (in the cycle of transmigration, in the wheel of worldly existence (saṃsāra))
- अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (cycle of transmigration) (in this (masculine/neuter locative singular))
- भ्राम्यते (bhrāmyate) - he revolves (he wanders, revolves, turns)
- घटि-यन्त्र-वत् (ghaṭi-yantra-vat) - like a water-drawing machine (ghaṭi-yantra) (like a water-wheel, like a machine for drawing water)
Words meanings and morphology
पुनः (punaḥ) - again, repeatedly (again, further, moreover)
(indeclinable)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
मरणम् (maraṇam) - death (death, dying)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of maraṇa
maraṇa - dying, death, act of dying
From √mṛ (to die)
Root: mṛ (class 6)
Note: Object of 'āpnoti'.
तद्वत् (tadvat) - similarly, in the same way (as the stages of life) (like that, in the same manner, similarly)
(indeclinable)
From tad + -vat (suffix for similarity)
जन्म (janma) - birth (birth, origin, life)
(noun)
Accusative, neuter, singular of janman
janman - birth, origin, existence, life
From √jan (to be born)
Root: jan (class 4)
Note: Object of 'āpnoti'.
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
Note: Joins 'maraṇam' and 'janma'.
आप्नोति (āpnoti) - he experiences (death and birth) (he attains, obtains, reaches)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp
Root verb
Root: āp (class 5)
Note: Subject is 'mānavaḥ'.
मानवः (mānavaḥ) - a human being (human being, man, descendant of Manu)
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, singular of mānava
mānava - human, pertaining to man, a man, descendant of Manu
From Manu
Note: Subject of 'āpnoti'.
ततः (tataḥ) - thus, as a result (then, thereafter, from that)
(indeclinable)
संसार-चक्रे (saṁsāra-cakre) - in the cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra) (in the cycle of transmigration, in the wheel of worldly existence (saṃsāra))
(noun)
Locative, neuter, singular of saṃsāra-cakra
saṁsāra-cakra - wheel of worldly existence, cycle of transmigration (saṃsāra)
Tatpuruṣa compound
Compound type : tatpurusha (saṃsāra+cakra)
- saṃsāra – transmigration, wandering through rebirths, worldly existence (saṃsāra)
noun (masculine)
From sam-√sṛ (to run together, pass through)
Prefix: sam
Root: sṛ (class 1) - cakra – wheel, discus, circle, cycle
noun (neuter)
Note: Location of the action.
अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (cycle of transmigration) (in this (masculine/neuter locative singular))
(pronoun)
Locative, neuter, singular of idam
idam - this, this here
Note: Refers to 'saṃsāra-cakre'.
भ्राम्यते (bhrāmyate) - he revolves (he wanders, revolves, turns)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhrām
Middle voice form of √bhram (to wander), 4th class.
Root: bhram (class 4)
Note: Subject is the implied 'jantuḥ' or 'mānavaḥ'.
घटि-यन्त्र-वत् (ghaṭi-yantra-vat) - like a water-drawing machine (ghaṭi-yantra) (like a water-wheel, like a machine for drawing water)
(indeclinable)
Formed by adding the suffix -vat to the compound noun ghaṭi-yantra (water-wheel). Ghaṭi-yantra itself is a tatpuruṣa compound of ghaṭī (pot) and yantra (machine).
Note: Acts as an adverb modifying 'bhrāmyate'.