महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-62, verse-4

यदि हि त्वं पुरा द्यूतात्कुन्तीपुत्रं युधिष्ठिरम् ।
निवर्तयेथाः पुत्रांश्च न त्वां व्यसनमाव्रजेत् ॥४॥

4. yadi hi tvaṁ purā dyūtātkuntīputraṁ yudhiṣṭhiram ,
nivartayethāḥ putrāṁśca na tvāṁ vyasanamāvrajet.

4. yadi hi tvam purā dyūtāt kuntīputram yudhiṣṭhiram
nivartayethāḥ putrān ca na tvām vyasanam āvrajet

4. hi yadi tvam purā dyūtāt kuntīputram yudhiṣṭhiram
ca putrān nivartayethāḥ na tvām vyasanam āvrajet

4. Indeed, if you had restrained Yudhishthira, Kunti's son, and (your) sons before the game of dice, then this misfortune would not have befallen you.

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

• हि (hi) - (emphasizer) (indeed, surely, for, because)

• त्वम् (tvam) - (referring to the addressee, likely Dhritarashtra) (you)

• पुरा (purā) - before (the specific event of dice game) (before, formerly, in olden times)

• द्यूतात् (dyūtāt) - from the game of dice, from gambling

• कुन्तीपुत्रम् (kuntīputram) - (Yudhishthira) (Kunti's son)

• युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

• निवर्तयेथाः (nivartayethāḥ) - you would have restrained, turned back, caused to desist

• पुत्रान् (putrān) - (your own sons, Kauravas) (sons)

• च (ca) - and, also

• न (na) - not

• त्वाम् (tvām) - (referring to the addressee) (you)

• व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - calamity, misfortune, disaster

• आव्रजेत् (āvrajet) - would come, would befall

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if, in case that

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - (emphasizer) (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

त्वम् (tvam) - (referring to the addressee, likely Dhritarashtra) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Subject of nivartayethāḥ.

पुरा (purā) - before (the specific event of dice game) (before, formerly, in olden times)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

द्यूतात् (dyūtāt) - from the game of dice, from gambling

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - game of dice, gambling

Past Passive Participle

From root dyut (to play dice), here used as a noun.

Root: dyut (class 1)

कुन्तीपुत्रम् (kuntīputram) - (Yudhishthira) (Kunti's son)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kuntīputra

kuntīputra - son of Kunti

Compound of Kuntī and putra.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuntī+putra)

• kuntī – Kunti (mother of Pandavas)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of nivartayethāḥ.

युधिष्ठिरम् (yudhiṣṭhiram) - Yudhishthira

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - firm in battle (name of eldest Pandava)

Compound yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Object of nivartayethāḥ.

निवर्तयेथाः (nivartayethāḥ) - you would have restrained, turned back, caused to desist

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, potential/optative (vidhi-liṅ) of nivartaye

Causative

Causative of ni-vṛt (to turn back). ni is a prefix.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: The thāḥ ending is typical of 2nd singular middle optative (ātmanepada).

पुत्रान् (putrān) - (your own sons, Kauravas) (sons)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of putra

putra - son

Note: Object of nivartayethāḥ.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

त्वाम् (tvām) - (referring to the addressee) (you)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of āvrajet.

व्यसनम् (vyasanam) - calamity, misfortune, disaster

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vyasana

vyasana - calamity, misfortune, disaster, addiction, vice

From root as (to throw) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: as (class 4)

Note: Subject of āvrajet.

आव्रजेत् (āvrajet) - would come, would befall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, potential/optative (vidhi-liṅ) of āvraj

From root vraj (to go) with prefix ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: vraj (class 1)