महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-46, verse-20

तं कोसलानामधिपः कर्णिनाताडयद्धृदि ।
स तस्याश्वान्ध्वजं चापं सूतं चापातयत्क्षितौ ॥२०॥

20. taṁ kosalānāmadhipaḥ karṇinātāḍayaddhṛdi ,
sa tasyāśvāndhvajaṁ cāpaṁ sūtaṁ cāpātayatkṣitau.

20. taṃ kosalānām adhipaḥ karṇinā atāḍayat hṛdi saḥ
tasya aśvān dhvajaṃ cāpaṃ sūtaṃ ca apātayat kṣitau

20. kosalānām adhipaḥ taṃ karṇinā hṛdi atāḍayat saḥ
tasya aśvān dhvajaṃ cāpaṃ sūtaṃ ca kṣitau apātayat

20. The king of the Kosalas struck him (Abhimanyu) in the chest with a barbed arrow. But (Abhimanyu) then felled his (the Kosala king's) horses, standard, bow, and charioteer to the ground.

Words meanings summery:

• तं (taṁ) - him (referring to Abhimanyu) (him)

• कोसलानाम् (kosalānām) - of the Kosalas

• अधिपः (adhipaḥ) - king, ruler, lord

• कर्णिना (karṇinā) - with a barbed arrow

• अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck, he hit

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the chest

• सः (saḥ) - he (Abhimanyu) (he)

• तस्य (tasya) - his (of the Kosala king) (his, of him)

• अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

• ध्वजं (dhvajaṁ) - standard, banner, flag

• चापं (cāpaṁ) - bow

• सूतं (sūtaṁ) - charioteer

• च (ca) - and

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - he felled, he caused to fall

• क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

Words meanings and morphology

तं (taṁ) - him (referring to Abhimanyu) (him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कोसलानाम् (kosalānām) - of the Kosalas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kosala

kosala - Kosala (ancient kingdom in India), an inhabitant of Kosala

अधिपः (adhipaḥ) - king, ruler, lord

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adhipa

adhipa - lord, ruler, king

कर्णिना (karṇinā) - with a barbed arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇin

karṇin - an arrow with ears or barbs; a barbed arrow

अताडयत् (atāḍayat) - he struck, he hit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of tāḍ

Imperfect

Root tāḍ (10th class) with augment 'a'. 3rd person singular, imperfect active.

Root: tāḍ (class 10)

हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the chest

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, chest

सः (saḥ) - he (Abhimanyu) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तस्य (tasya) - his (of the Kosala king) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अश्वान् (aśvān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

ध्वजं (dhvajaṁ) - standard, banner, flag

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - flag, standard, banner

चापं (cāpaṁ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cāpa

cāpa - bow, arch

सूतं (sūtaṁ) - charioteer

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अपातयत् (apātayat) - he felled, he caused to fall

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pat

Causative Imperfect

Causative stem 'pātaya' from root 'pat' (1st class) with augment 'a'. 3rd person singular, imperfect active.

Root: pat (class 1)

क्षितौ (kṣitau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of kṣiti

kṣiti - earth, ground, dwelling