महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-46, verse-10

स कर्णं कर्णिना कर्णे पीतेन निशितेन च ।
फाल्गुनिर्द्विषतां मध्ये विव्याध परमेषुणा ॥१०॥

10. sa karṇaṁ karṇinā karṇe pītena niśitena ca ,
phālgunirdviṣatāṁ madhye vivyādha parameṣuṇā.

10. saḥ karṇam karṇinā karṇe pītena niśitena ca
phālguniḥ dviṣatām madhye vivyādha parameṣuṇā

10. phālguniḥ dviṣatām madhye saḥ karṇam karṇe
karṇinā pītena niśitena ca parameṣuṇā vivyādha

10. Arjuna, amidst the enemies, pierced Karna in the ear with an excellent, barbed, well-sharpened, and keen arrow.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he, that)

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (the warrior) (ear; Karna (proper name))

• कर्णिना (karṇinā) - with a barbed (arrow) (with one who has ears; with a barbed object; with a winged arrow)

• कर्णे (karṇe) - in the ear

• पीतेन (pītena) - by the sharpened/whetted (arrow) (by what is drunk; by what is yellow; by what is sharpened/whetted)

• निशितेन (niśitena) - by the keen (arrow) (by what is sharpened, keen)

• च (ca) - and (and; also)

• फाल्गुनिः (phālguniḥ) - Arjuna (son of Phalguna)

• द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of the enemies (of those hating; of enemies)

• मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, struck

• परमेषुणा (parameṣuṇā) - with an excellent arrow

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - Arjuna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karna (the warrior) (ear; Karna (proper name))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karna (a proper name); helm

कर्णिना (karṇinā) - with a barbed (arrow) (with one who has ears; with a barbed object; with a winged arrow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇin

karṇin - having ears; barbed; winged (arrow)

Derived from karṇa (ear, barb) with the suffix -in.

Note: Adjective for 'parameṣuṇā'.

कर्णे (karṇe) - in the ear

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; Karna (a proper name); helm

पीतेन (pītena) - by the sharpened/whetted (arrow) (by what is drunk; by what is yellow; by what is sharpened/whetted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of pīta

pīta - drunk; yellow; sharpened, whetted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pā (to drink) or pī (to swell, sharpen).

Root: pā / pī (class 1)

Note: Adjective for 'parameṣuṇā'.

निशितेन (niśitena) - by the keen (arrow) (by what is sharpened, keen)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of niśita

niśita - sharpened, keen

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root śo (to sharpen) with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Adjective for 'parameṣuṇā'.

च (ca) - and (and; also)

(indeclinable)

फाल्गुनिः (phālguniḥ) - Arjuna (son of Phalguna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of phālguni

phālguni - Arjuna (descendant of Phalguna, a name of Arjuna's mother); born under the asterism Phalguni

Descendant of Phalguna (U.14.3, P.4.1.95); or born under the asterism Phalguni.

द्विषताम् (dviṣatām) - of the enemies (of those hating; of enemies)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dviṣat

dviṣat - hating; enemy

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dviṣ (to hate).

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Participle used as a noun.

मध्ये (madhye) - in the middle, amidst

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyādh

Perfect tense (lit) form of root vyadh.

Prefix: vi

Root: vyadh (class 4)

Note: From vi + vyadh.

परमेषुणा (parameṣuṇā) - with an excellent arrow

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of parameṣu

parameṣu - excellent arrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parama+iṣu)

• parama – supreme, excellent, best
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)

Note: Compound: parama (excellent) + iṣu (arrow).