महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-46, verse-21

अथ कोसलराजस्तु विरथः खड्गचर्मधृत् ।
इयेष फाल्गुनेः कायाच्छिरो हर्तुं सकुण्डलम् ॥२१॥

21. atha kosalarājastu virathaḥ khaḍgacarmadhṛt ,
iyeṣa phālguneḥ kāyācchiro hartuṁ sakuṇḍalam.

21. atha kosalarājaḥ tu virathaḥ khaḍgacarmadhṛt
iyeṣa phālguneḥ kāyāt śiraḥ hartuṃ sakuṇḍalam

21. atha tu virathaḥ khaḍgacarmadhṛt kosalarājaḥ
phālguneḥ kāyāt sakuṇḍalam śiraḥ hartuṃ iyeṣa

21. Then, the king of Kosala, now dismounted from his chariot and carrying a sword and shield, desired to sever the head, along with its earrings, from the body of Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna (phālguni).

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• कोसलराजः (kosalarājaḥ) - king of Kosala

• तु (tu) - but (marks a shift in action by the Kosala king) (but, and, indeed)

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - charioteer-less, dismounted from chariot

• खड्गचर्मधृत् (khaḍgacarmadhṛt) - bearing a sword and shield

• इयेष (iyeṣa) - he desired, he wished

• फाल्गुनेः (phālguneḥ) - of Phālguni (Abhimanyu)

• कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

• शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

• हर्तुं (hartuṁ) - to sever (to take away, to carry off, to steal)

• सकुण्डलम् (sakuṇḍalam) - with earrings, adorned with earrings

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

कोसलराजः (kosalarājaḥ) - king of Kosala

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kosalarāja

kosalarāja - king of Kosala

Compound type : tatpurusha (kosala+rāja)

• kosala – Kosala (ancient kingdom)
  proper noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

तु (tu) - but (marks a shift in action by the Kosala king) (but, and, indeed)

(indeclinable)

विरथः (virathaḥ) - charioteer-less, dismounted from chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - without a chariot, dismounted from chariot

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, apart, dis-
  prefix
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies the king of Kosala.

खड्गचर्मधृत् (khaḍgacarmadhṛt) - bearing a sword and shield

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of khaḍgacarmadhṛt

khaḍgacarmadhṛt - one who carries a sword and shield

Compound formed from khaḍga (sword), carman (shield), and dhṛt (bearing, holding - agent noun from dhṛ).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (khaḍga+carman+dhṛt)

• khaḍga – sword
  noun (masculine)
• carman – shield, skin, hide
  noun (neuter)
• dhṛt – bearing, holding, carrying
  participle (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From root dhṛ (to bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies the king of Kosala.

इयेष (iyeṣa) - he desired, he wished

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of iṣ

Perfect

Root 'iṣ' (6th class). 3rd person singular, perfect active. Irregular reduplication.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

फाल्गुनेः (phālguneḥ) - of Phālguni (Abhimanyu)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of phālguni

phālguni - son of Phālguna (Arjuna), Abhimanyu

Patronymic from Phālguna (Arjuna).

कायात् (kāyāt) - from the body

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, collection

शिरः (śiraḥ) - head

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śiras

śiras - head, top, peak

हर्तुं (hartuṁ) - to sever (to take away, to carry off, to steal)

(infinitive)

सकुण्डलम् (sakuṇḍalam) - with earrings, adorned with earrings

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sakuṇḍala

sakuṇḍala - with earrings, wearing earrings

Compound: sa (with) + kuṇḍala (earring).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+kuṇḍala)

• sa – with, together with
  prefix
• kuṇḍala – earring, ring
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'śiraḥ'.