महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-3, verse-8

अवतीर्य रथादार्तो बाष्पव्याकुलिताक्षरम् ।
अभिवाद्याञ्जलिं बद्ध्वा वन्दमानोऽभ्यभाषत ॥८॥

8. avatīrya rathādārto bāṣpavyākulitākṣaram ,
abhivādyāñjaliṁ baddhvā vandamāno'bhyabhāṣata.

8. avatīrya rathāt ārtaḥ bāṣpavyākulitākṣaram
abhivādya añjalim baddhvā vandamānaḥ abhyabhāṣata

8. ārtaḥ rathāt avatīrya abhivādya añjalim baddhvā
bāṣpavyākulitākṣaram vandamānaḥ abhyabhāṣata

8. Distressed, he descended from his chariot, and having bowed down and joined his palms in reverence (añjali), he spoke, his words choked by tears, as he revered him.

Words meanings summery:

• अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having dismounted

• रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

• आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

• बाष्पव्याकुलिताक्षरम् (bāṣpavyākulitākṣaram) - his words choked by tears (with words choked by tears, having agitated letters due to tears)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having bowed down

• अञ्जलिम् (añjalim) - añjali (palms joined in reverence) (palms joined in reverence, a gesture of respect (añjali))

• बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having joined (having made, having joined, having bound)

• वन्दमानः (vandamānaḥ) - revering, worshipping, saluting

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he spoke to, addressed

Words meanings and morphology

अवतीर्य (avatīrya) - having descended, having dismounted

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from prefix ava + root tṛ (to cross, pass over) + lyap (absolutive suffix when a prefix is present).

Prefix: ava

Root: tṛ (class 1)

रथात् (rathāt) - from the chariot

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

आर्तः (ārtaḥ) - distressed, suffering, afflicted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārta

ārta - distressed, suffering, afflicted

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root ṛ (to go, move, suffer, oppress) + kta (PPP suffix).

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes Karna (implied subject).

बाष्पव्याकुलिताक्षरम् (bāṣpavyākulitākṣaram) - his words choked by tears (with words choked by tears, having agitated letters due to tears)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bāṣpavyākulitākṣara

bāṣpavyākulitākṣara - having words/letters agitated by tears

Compound type : bahuvrihi (bāṣpa+vyākulita+akṣara)

• bāṣpa – tears, vapor, steam
  noun (masculine)
• vyākulita – agitated, confused, disturbed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root kul (to collect, go) with prefixes vi and ā.
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: kul (class 10)
• akṣara – letter, syllable, imperishable, word
  noun (neuter)

Note: Functions adverbially, describing the manner of speech.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having saluted, having bowed down

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from prefix abhi + root vad (to speak, salute) + lyap (absolutive suffix).

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

अञ्जलिम् (añjalim) - añjali (palms joined in reverence) (palms joined in reverence, a gesture of respect (añjali))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of añjali

añjali - joining of the palms in reverence, cupped hands

Note: Object of 'baddhvā'.

बद्ध्वा (baddhvā) - having joined (having made, having joined, having bound)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root bandh (to bind) + tvā.

Root: bandh (class 9)

वन्दमानः (vandamānaḥ) - revering, worshipping, saluting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vandamāna

vandamāna - revering, worshipping, saluting

Present Participle (ātmanepada)

Derived from root vand (to praise, worship) + śānaC (present participle suffix for ātmanepada verbs).

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: Describes Karna (implied subject).

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - he spoke to, addressed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of abhibhāṣ

Imperfect (laṅ), 3rd person singular, ātmanepada

From prefix abhi + root bhāṣ (to speak).

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

Note: The subject is Karna (implied).