महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-22, verse-20

संजय उवाच ।
उभयोः सेनयोस्तत्र योधा जहृषिरे मुदा ।
स्रग्धूपपानगन्धानामुभयत्र समुद्भवः ॥२०॥

20. saṁjaya uvāca ,
ubhayoḥ senayostatra yodhā jahṛṣire mudā ,
sragdhūpapānagandhānāmubhayatra samudbhavaḥ.

20. saṃjayaḥ uvāca | ubhayoḥ senayoḥ tatra yodhāḥ jahṛṣire
mudā | sragdhūpapānagandhānām ubhayatra samudbhavaḥ

20. saṃjayaḥ uvāca tatra ubhayoḥ senayoḥ yodhāḥ mudā jahṛṣire ubhayatra srak-dhūpa-pāna-gandhānām samudbhavaḥ (āsīt).

20. Sañjaya said: "In both armies there, the warriors rejoiced with delight. In both camps, there was an abundance of the fragrances of garlands, incense, and drinks."

Words meanings summery:

• संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both, in both

• सेनयोः (senayoḥ) - in the two armies

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• जहृषिरे (jahṛṣire) - they rejoiced, they were delighted

• मुदा (mudā) - with joy, happily, delightedly

• स्रग्धूपपानगन्धानाम् (sragdhūpapānagandhānām) - of the fragrances of garlands, incense, and drinks

• उभयत्र (ubhayatra) - in both places, in both camps

• समुद्भवः (samudbhavaḥ) - arising, abundance, presence

Words meanings and morphology

संजयः (saṁjayaḥ) - Sanjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both, in both

(pronoun)

dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Genitive/locative dual of 'ubha'. Here it acts as locative modifying 'senayoḥ'.

सेनयोः (senayoḥ) - in the two armies

(noun)

Locative, feminine, dual of senā

senā - army, host, forces

Note: Locative dual, referring to the two armies.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

Root: yudh (class 4)

जहृषिरे (jahṛṣire) - they rejoiced, they were delighted

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of hṛṣ

Perfect Middle

Root 'hṛṣ' (to rejoice), perfect 3rd person plural middle.

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

मुदा (mudā) - with joy, happily, delightedly

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of mud

mud - joy, delight, happiness, pleasure

Note: Instrumental singular of 'mud' (joy).

स्रग्धूपपानगन्धानाम् (sragdhūpapānagandhānām) - of the fragrances of garlands, incense, and drinks

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sragdhūpapānagandha

sragdhūpapānagandha - fragrances of garlands, incense, and drinks

Compound: 'srak' (garland), 'dhūpa' (incense), 'pāna' (drink) + 'gandha' (fragrance).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (srak+dhūpa+pāna+gandha)

• srak – garland, wreath
  noun (feminine)
• dhūpa – incense, perfume, aroma
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhūp (class 1)
• pāna – drinking, drink, beverage
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  Derived from root 'pā' (to drink).
  Root: pā (class 1)
• gandha – smell, fragrance, perfume, aroma
  noun (masculine)

Note: Genitive plural, 'of the fragrances (of these things)'.

उभयत्र (ubhayatra) - in both places, in both camps

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'ubha' (both) with 'tra' suffix.

Note: Refers to both armies.

समुद्भवः (samudbhavaḥ) - arising, abundance, presence

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samudbhava

samudbhava - arising, origin, production, abundance, presence, growth

Derived from 'sam-ud-bhū' (to arise, to be born).

Prefixes: sam+ud

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Implies 'was present' or 'existed'.