महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-22, verse-18

के पूर्वं प्राहरंस्तत्र युद्धे हृदयकम्पने ।
मामकाः पाण्डवानां वा तन्ममाचक्ष्व संजय ॥१८॥

18. ke pūrvaṁ prāharaṁstatra yuddhe hṛdayakampane ,
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavānāṁ vā tanmamācakṣva saṁjaya.

18. ke pūrvaṃ prāharan tatra yuddhe hṛdayakampane |
māmakāḥ pāṇḍavānām vā tat mama ācakṣva saṃjaya

18. saṃjaya,
hṛdayakampane yuddhe tatra pūrvaṃ ke prāharan? māmakāḥ vā pāṇḍavānām? tat mama ācakṣva.

18. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "Sañjaya, who struck first in that heart-stirring battle? Was it my sons or the Pāṇḍavas'? Tell me that."

Words meanings summery:

• के (ke) - who (plural)

• पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - first, previously, at first

• प्राहरन् (prāharan) - they struck, they attacked

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle

• हृदयकम्पने (hṛdayakampane) - in the heart-stirring, in the terrifying

• मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons and their allies (my people, my sons)

• पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

• वा (vā) - or

• तत् (tat) - the answer to who struck first (that)

• मम (mama) - to me, for me

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (vocative)

Words meanings and morphology

के (ke) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

पूर्वं (pūrvaṁ) - first, previously, at first

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use of neuter accusative singular.

प्राहरन् (prāharan) - they struck, they attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of hṛ

Imperfect Active

Root 'hṛ' (to take/strike) with prefix 'pra', 3rd person plural imperfect active.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'yudh' (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

हृदयकम्पने (hṛdayakampane) - in the heart-stirring, in the terrifying

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛdayakampana

hṛdayakampana - heart-stirring, causing tremor in the heart, terrifying

Compound adjective 'hṛdaya' (heart) + 'kampana' (shaking/trembling).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hṛdaya+kampana)

• hṛdaya – heart, mind
  noun (neuter)
• kampana – shaking, trembling, agitating, causing tremor
  noun (neuter)
  Verbal noun
  Derived from root 'kamp' (to tremble).
  Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

मामकाः (māmakāḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra's sons and their allies (my people, my sons)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of māmaka

māmaka - my, mine, belonging to me, my people

Derived from 'mama' (mine).

Note: Used substantively to mean 'my side' or 'my people/sons'.

पाण्डवानाम् (pāṇḍavānām) - of the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, a Pāṇḍava

Derived from Pāṇḍu.

Note: Implies 'the people/army of the Pāṇḍavas'.

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - the answer to who struck first (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the answer Dhṛtarāṣṭra is asking for.

मम (mama) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person pronoun.

Note: Can be genitive or dative here. 'Tell that to me'.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - tell, relate

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Imperative Middle

Root 'cakṣ' (to tell) with prefix 'ā', 2nd person singular imperative middle.

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (vocative)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)