महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-22, verse-17

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
केषां प्रहृष्टास्तत्राग्रे योधा युध्यन्ति संजय ।
उदग्रमनसः केऽत्र के वा दीना विचेतसः ॥१७॥

17. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
keṣāṁ prahṛṣṭāstatrāgre yodhā yudhyanti saṁjaya ,
udagramanasaḥ ke'tra ke vā dīnā vicetasaḥ.

17. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca | keṣām prahṛṣṭāḥ tatra agre yodhāḥ
yudhyanti saṃjaya | udagramanasaḥ ke atra ke vā dīnāḥ vicetasaḥ

17. saṃjaya,
keṣām yodhāḥ tatra agre prahṛṣṭāḥ yudhyanti? atra ke udagramanasaḥ,
vā ke dīnāḥ vicetasaḥ?

17. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "Sañjaya, whose warriors were fighting there at the forefront with joy? Who among them had a spirited mind, and who were disheartened and confused?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• केषाम् (keṣām) - whose, of whom

• प्रहृष्टाः (prahṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted, joyful, exhilarated

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• अग्रे (agre) - in front, at the head, at the forefront

• योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

• युध्यन्ति (yudhyanti) - they fight, are fighting

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (vocative)

• उदग्रमनसः (udagramanasaḥ) - high-minded, spirited, elated

• के (ke) - who (plural)

• अत्र (atra) - here, among these

• के (ke) - who (plural)

• वा (vā) - or

• दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, dejected, disheartened

• विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - bewildered, confused, dispirited

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (proper name)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, maintained, supported
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛ (to hold)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, realm, country
  noun (neuter)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root 'vac' (to speak), perfect 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

केषाम् (keṣām) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Genitive plural of 'kim' (who/what/which), referring to 'yodhāḥ'.

प्रहृष्टाः (prahṛṣṭāḥ) - delighted, joyful, exhilarated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prahṛṣṭa

prahṛṣṭa - delighted, joyful, thrilled

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root hṛṣ (to rejoice) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

Note: Refers to 'yodhāḥ'.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

अग्रे (agre) - in front, at the head, at the forefront

(indeclinable)

Note: Locative singular of 'agra' used adverbially.

योधाः (yodhāḥ) - warriors, fighters

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yodha

yodha - warrior, fighter, soldier

Root: yudh (class 4)

युध्यन्ति (yudhyanti) - they fight, are fighting

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of yudh

Present Active

Root 'yudh' (to fight), 3rd person plural present active.

Root: yudh (class 4)

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (vocative)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya (proper name)

उदग्रमनसः (udagramanasaḥ) - high-minded, spirited, elated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of udagramanas

udagramanas - high-minded, spirited, elated, having an uplifted spirit

Compound adjective describing the 'manas' (mind) as 'udagra' (uplifted).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (udagra+manas)

• udagra – uplifted, prominent, excellent
  adjective (neuter)
  Derived from 'ud' (up) + 'agra' (top/front).
  Prefix: ud
• manas – mind, spirit, intellect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to 'ke' (who).

के (ke) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

अत्र (atra) - here, among these

(indeclinable)

के (ke) - who (plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

दीनाः (dīnāḥ) - miserable, dejected, disheartened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dīna

dīna - miserable, dejected, depressed, disheartened, poor

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'dai' (to become wretched/weary).

Root: dai (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'ke' (who).

विचेतसः (vicetasaḥ) - bewildered, confused, dispirited

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vicetas

vicetas - bewildered, confused, dispirited, senseless, without mind

Compound adjective 'vi' (apart) + 'cetas' (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+cetas)

• vi – apart, asunder, away, intensely
  indeclinable
  Preposition/prefix
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to 'ke' (who).