महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-86, verse-19

भीष्म उवाच ।
परीतो धृतराष्ट्रायं तव पुत्रः सुमन्दधीः ।
वृणोत्यनर्थं न त्वर्थं याच्यमानः सुहृद्गणैः ॥१९॥

19. bhīṣma uvāca ,
parīto dhṛtarāṣṭrāyaṁ tava putraḥ sumandadhīḥ ,
vṛṇotyanarthaṁ na tvarthaṁ yācyamānaḥ suhṛdgaṇaiḥ.

19. bhīṣma uvāca parītaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭra ayam tava putraḥ sumandadhīḥ
vṛṇoti anartham na tu artham yācyamānaḥ suhṛdgaṇaiḥ

19. Bhishma said: This son of Dhritarashtra, your extremely foolish son, chooses misfortune over advantage, even when implored by his well-wishers.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• परीतः (parītaḥ) - deluded (by bad counsel) (surrounded, encompassed, deluded)

• धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra

• अयम् (ayam) - this (son of Dhritarashtra, i.e., Duryodhana) (this, this one)

• तव (tava) - your, of you

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• सुमन्दधीः (sumandadhīḥ) - very dull-witted, extremely foolish

• वृणोति (vṛṇoti) - chooses, selects

• अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune, harm, unrighteousness

• न (na) - not

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• अर्थम् (artham) - welfare, advantage (purpose, advantage, welfare, righteousness)

• याच्यमानः (yācyamānaḥ) - being implored, being requested

• सुहृद्गणैः (suhṛdgaṇaiḥ) - by well-wishers (by groups of friends, by well-wishers)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्म (bhīṣma) - Bhishma

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (a character in the Mahabharata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

Irregular perfect of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

परीतः (parītaḥ) - deluded (by bad counsel) (surrounded, encompassed, deluded)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parīta

parīta - surrounded, encompassed, deluded

Past Passive Participle

from pari- + √i (to go)

Prefix: pari

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'putraḥ'.

धृतराष्ट्र (dhṛtarāṣṭra) - Dhritarashtra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhritarashtra (a king in the Mahabharata, father of Duryodhana)

Note: Used as a genitive modifier to 'ayam putraḥ' in context.

अयम् (ayam) - this (son of Dhritarashtra, i.e., Duryodhana) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

तव (tava) - your, of you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you, your

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra, the addressee.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of the sentence.

सुमन्दधीः (sumandadhīḥ) - very dull-witted, extremely foolish

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumandadhī

sumandadhī - very dull-witted, extremely foolish

Compound of su + manda + dhī

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+manda+dhī)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• manda – slow, dull, sluggish
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: mand (class 1)
• dhī – thought, intellect, understanding
  noun (feminine)
  Root: dhī

Note: Qualifies 'putraḥ'.

वृणोति (vṛṇoti) - chooses, selects

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vṛ

Present Active

5th class verb (svādi)

Root: vṛ (class 5)

अनर्थम् (anartham) - misfortune, harm, unrighteousness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, harm, disadvantage, unrighteousness

Negative compound of na + artha

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (na+artha)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage
  noun (masculine)
  Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vṛṇoti'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'artham'.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates contrast.

अर्थम् (artham) - welfare, advantage (purpose, advantage, welfare, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, advantage, righteousness (dharma)

Root: arth (class 1)

Note: Object of 'vṛṇoti' (implied).

याच्यमानः (yācyamānaḥ) - being implored, being requested

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yācyamāna

yācyamāna - being implored, being requested

Present Passive Participle

from √yāc (to beg, request) + śānac suffix

Root: yāc (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'putraḥ'.

सुहृद्गणैः (suhṛdgaṇaiḥ) - by well-wishers (by groups of friends, by well-wishers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of suhṛdgaṇa

suhṛdgaṇa - group of friends, well-wishers

Compound of suhṛd + gaṇa

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suhṛd+gaṇa)

• suhṛd – friend, well-wisher
  noun (masculine)
  literally 'good-hearted'
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Agent of 'yācyamānaḥ'.