महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-72, verse-20

अपि दुर्योधनं कृष्ण सर्वे वयमधश्चराः ।
नीचैर्भूत्वानुयास्यामो मा स्म नो भरता नशन् ॥२०॥

20. api duryodhanaṁ kṛṣṇa sarve vayamadhaścarāḥ ,
nīcairbhūtvānuyāsyāmo mā sma no bharatā naśan.

20. api duryodhanam kṛṣṇa sarve vayam adhaścarāḥ nīcaiḥ
bhūtvā anuyāsyāmaḥ mā sma naḥ bharatāḥ naśan

20. O Krishna, even we, all of us, will become subordinates and humbly follow Duryodhana, lest our Bharata lineage be destroyed.

Words meanings summery:

• अपि (api) - even, also, indeed

• दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and antagonist of the Pāṇḍavas (Duryodhana (accusative))

• कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna (vocative)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• अधश्चराः (adhaścarāḥ) - those who are subservient or of lower status (those who follow below, subordinates)

• नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - humbly, lowly, submissively

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

• अनुयास्यामः (anuyāsyāmaḥ) - we will follow

• मा (mā) - not (prohibition)

• स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense or emphasis; with mā for prohibition

• नः (naḥ) - our (possessive) (our)

• भरताः (bharatāḥ) - the members of the Kuru lineage, including the speaker and his family (Bharatas, descendants of Bharata)

• नशन् (naśan) - may they not perish, let them not be destroyed

Words meanings and morphology

अपि (api) - even, also, indeed

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनम् (duryodhanam) - the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and antagonist of the Pāṇḍavas (Duryodhana (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - difficult to conquer, hard to fight with; proper name of the eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra

Compound of dur (difficult, bad) and yodhana (fighter, fighting). Bahuvrihi compound: 'one for whom fighting is difficult' or 'one who fights badly/wickedly'.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dur+yodhana)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil, hard
  indeclinable
• yodhana – fighting, warrior, battle
  noun (masculine)
  from root yudh (to fight)
  Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Object of 'anuyāsyāmaḥ'.

कृष्ण (kṛṣṇa) - O Krishna (vocative)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - dark, black; name of a deity (Viṣṇu's avatar) or a person

सर्वे (sarve) - all, everyone

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'vayam'.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'anuyāsyāmaḥ'.

अधश्चराः (adhaścarāḥ) - those who are subservient or of lower status (those who follow below, subordinates)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhaścara

adhaścara - moving below, subordinate, humble follower

compound of adhas (below) and cara (moving, going)

Compound type : tatpurusha (adhas+cara)

• adhas – below, beneath, down, inferior
  indeclinable
• cara – moving, going, a follower
  adjective (masculine)
  from root car (to move, go)
  Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'vayam'.

नीचैः (nīcaiḥ) - humbly, lowly, submissively

(indeclinable)

instrumental plural of *nīca* used adverbially

Note: Adverbial use, modifying 'bhūtvā' and 'anuyāsyāmaḥ'.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Connects the state of 'being humble' with the action of 'following'.

अनुयास्यामः (anuyāsyāmaḥ) - we will follow

(verb)

1st person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of anuyā

future

first person plural future active

Prefix: anu

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

मा (mā) - not (prohibition)

(indeclinable)

particle used with aorist injunctive for prohibition.

Note: Forms a negative command/prohibition with 'sma' and the aorist injunctive.

स्म (sma) - particle indicating past tense or emphasis; with mā for prohibition

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with 'mā' and aorist injunctive ('naśan') for prohibition.

नः (naḥ) - our (possessive) (our)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Possessive, 'our Bharatas'.

भरताः (bharatāḥ) - the members of the Kuru lineage, including the speaker and his family (Bharatas, descendants of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of bharata

bharata - descendant of Bharata (an ancient king); name of an ancient Indian tribe/people

Note: Subject of 'naśan'.

नशन् (naśan) - may they not perish, let them not be destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, aorist injunctive (luṅ) of naś

aorist injunctive

third person plural aorist injunctive active

Root: naś (class 4)

Note: Used with 'mā sma' for prohibition.