महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-190, verse-18

ततः कतिपयाहस्य तच्छ्रुत्वा भरतर्षभ ।
हिरण्यवर्मा राजेन्द्र रोषादार्तिं जगाम ह ॥१८॥

18. tataḥ katipayāhasya tacchrutvā bharatarṣabha ,
hiraṇyavarmā rājendra roṣādārtiṁ jagāma ha.

18. tataḥ katipayāhasya tat śrutvā bharatarṣabha
hiraṇyavarmā rājendra roṣāt ārtim jagāma ha

18. bharatarṣabha rājendra tataḥ katipayāhasya
tat śrutvā hiraṇyavarmā roṣāt ārtim jagāma ha

18. O best of Bharatas, O king of kings, then, after a few days, having heard that, King Hiraṇyavarmā indeed became distressed with anger.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that, therefore)

• कतिपयाहस्य (katipayāhasya) - after a few days (genitive of time) (of a few days, after a few days)

• तत् (tat) - that (the report of deception) (that, it)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O best of Bharatas, O bull of Bharatas)

• हिरण्यवर्मा (hiraṇyavarmā) - King Hiraṇyavarmā (Hiraṇyavarmā (proper name))

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O king of kings, O chief of kings, O emperor)

• रोषात् (roṣāt) - due to anger (from anger, due to anger)

• आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress (distress, pain, suffering, affliction)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he experienced, he became (distressed) (he went, he attained, he experienced, he became)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base ta- with -tas suffix

कतिपयाहस्य (katipayāhasya) - after a few days (genitive of time) (of a few days, after a few days)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of katipayāha

katipayāha - a few days

Bahuvrīhi compound of katipaya (a few) and ahan (day), literally 'having a few days'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (katipaya+ahan)

• katipaya – a few, some
  adjective (masculine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Genitive case used to denote a temporal relationship ('after the passing of a few days').

तत् (tat) - that (the report of deception) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Object of the gerund 'śrutvā'. Sandhi: tat + śrutvā = tacchrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root śru (to hear) with -tvā suffix forming an absolutive.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'jagāma'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O best of Bharatas, O bull of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull of Bharatas (a Bharata is a descendant of Bharata)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a king, a sage
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

हिरण्यवर्मा (hiraṇyavarmā) - King Hiraṇyavarmā (Hiraṇyavarmā (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiraṇyavarman

hiraṇyavarman - Hiraṇyavarmā (proper name, meaning 'golden armor')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hiraṇya+varman)

• hiraṇya – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• varman – armor, mail, protection
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'jagāma'.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O king of kings, O chief of kings, O emperor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, lord (also name of the god Indra)
  noun (masculine)

रोषात् (roṣāt) - due to anger (from anger, due to anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage

Note: Indicates the cause for experiencing distress.

आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress (distress, pain, suffering, affliction)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - distress, pain, suffering, affliction

Note: Direct object of 'jagāma'.

जगाम (jagāma) - he experienced, he became (distressed) (he went, he attained, he experienced, he became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Perfect tense form of √gam. Here meaning 'attained' or 'experienced'.

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, often used in narration.