महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-190, verse-18

ततः कतिपयाहस्य तच्छ्रुत्वा भरतर्षभ ।
हिरण्यवर्मा राजेन्द्र रोषादार्तिं जगाम ह ॥१८॥

18. tataḥ katipayāhasya tacchrutvā bharatarṣabha ,
hiraṇyavarmā rājendra roṣādārtiṁ jagāma ha.

18. tataḥ katipayāhasya tat śrutvā bharatarṣabha
hiraṇyavarmā rājendra roṣāt ārtim jagāma ha

18. bharatarṣabha rājendra tataḥ katipayāhasya
tat śrutvā hiraṇyavarmā roṣāt ārtim jagāma ha

18. O best of Bharatas, O king of kings, then, after a few days, having heard that, King Hiraṇyavarmā indeed became distressed with anger.

18. הו דגול בני בְּהַרַטַה, אחר כמה ימים, כששמע הִירַנְיַוַרְמַה את הדבר, הו מלך המלכים, נתקף ייסורים מרוב כעס.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that, therefore)

• कतिपयाहस्य (katipayāhasya) - after a few days (genitive of time) (of a few days, after a few days)

• तत् (tat) - that (the report of deception) (that, it)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O best of Bharatas, O bull of Bharatas)

• हिरण्यवर्मा (hiraṇyavarmā) - King Hiraṇyavarmā (Hiraṇyavarmā (proper name))

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O king of kings, O chief of kings, O emperor)

• रोषात् (roṣāt) - due to anger (from anger, due to anger)

• आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress (distress, pain, suffering, affliction)

• जगाम (jagāma) - he experienced, he became (distressed) (he went, he attained, he experienced, he became)

• ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter (then, thereafter, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

From pronominal base ta- with -tas suffix

कतिपयाहस्य (katipayāhasya) - after a few days (genitive of time) (of a few days, after a few days)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of katipayāha

katipayāha - a few days

Bahuvrīhi compound of katipaya (a few) and ahan (day), literally 'having a few days'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (katipaya+ahan)

• katipaya – a few, some
  adjective (masculine)
• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)

Note: Genitive case used to denote a temporal relationship ('after the passing of a few days').

तत् (tat) - that (the report of deception) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Object of the gerund 'śrutvā'. Sandhi: tat + śrutvā = tacchrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root śru (to hear) with -tvā suffix forming an absolutive.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Indicates an action completed before the main verb 'jagāma'.

भरतर्षभ (bharatarṣabha) - O best of Bharatas (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O best of Bharatas, O bull of Bharatas)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bharatarṣabha

bharatarṣabha - best of Bharatas, bull of Bharatas (a Bharata is a descendant of Bharata)

Compound type : tatpurusha (bharata+ṛṣabha)

• bharata – descendant of Bharata, name of a king, a sage
  proper noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, pre-eminent
  noun (masculine)

हिरण्यवर्मा (hiraṇyavarmā) - King Hiraṇyavarmā (Hiraṇyavarmā (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hiraṇyavarman

hiraṇyavarman - Hiraṇyavarmā (proper name, meaning 'golden armor')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hiraṇya+varman)

• hiraṇya – gold, golden
  noun (neuter)
• varman – armor, mail, protection
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of 'jagāma'.

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings (vocative, addressing the narrator) (O king of kings, O chief of kings, O emperor)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, chief of kings, emperor

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, best, lord (also name of the god Indra)
  noun (masculine)

रोषात् (roṣāt) - due to anger (from anger, due to anger)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of roṣa

roṣa - anger, wrath, rage

Note: Indicates the cause for experiencing distress.

आर्तिम् (ārtim) - distress (distress, pain, suffering, affliction)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ārti

ārti - distress, pain, suffering, affliction

Note: Direct object of 'jagāma'.

जगाम (jagāma) - he experienced, he became (distressed) (he went, he attained, he experienced, he became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Perfect tense form of √gam. Here meaning 'attained' or 'experienced'.

ह (ha) - indeed (indeed, certainly (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle, often used in narration.

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