महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-114, verse-1

नारद उवाच ।
हर्यश्वस्त्वब्रवीद्राजा विचिन्त्य बहुधा ततः ।
दीर्घमुष्णं च निःश्वस्य प्रजाहेतोर्नृपोत्तमः ॥१॥

1. nārada uvāca ,
haryaśvastvabravīdrājā vicintya bahudhā tataḥ ,
dīrghamuṣṇaṁ ca niḥśvasya prajāhetornṛpottamaḥ.

1. nāradaḥ uvāca haryaśvaḥ tu abravīt rājā vicintya bahudhā
tataḥ dīrgham uṣṇam ca niḥśvasya prajāhetoḥ nṛpottamaḥ

1. Nārada said: King Haryaśva, the best among kings (nṛpottama), having considered various possibilities, then spoke, sighing long and hot for the sake of his subjects.

Words meanings summery:

• नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (a divine sage)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हर्यश्वः (haryaśvaḥ) - Haryaśva (the king)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, then

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• राजा (rājā) - king

• विचिन्त्य (vicintya) - having considered, having thought over

• बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

• दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

• उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warm

• च (ca) - and, also

• निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

• प्रजाहेतोः (prajāhetoḥ) - for the sake of subjects/progeny

• नृपोत्तमः (nṛpottamaḥ) - best among kings, excellent king

Words meanings and morphology

नारदः (nāradaḥ) - Nārada (a divine sage)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nārada

nārada - name of a divine sage

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (liṭ) 3rd person singular active.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Introduces Nārada's speech.

हर्यश्वः (haryaśvaḥ) - Haryaśva (the king)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of haryaśva

haryaśva - having bay horses; name of a king

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (hari+aśva)

• hari – bay, reddish-brown, tawny
  adjective
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of abravīt.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for emphasis or transition.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root verb with imperfect (laṅ) affix, 3rd person singular active.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Appositive to haryaśvaḥ.

विचिन्त्य (vicintya) - having considered, having thought over

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root cint (to think) with prefix vi-, suffix -ya for absolutive.

Prefix: vi

Root: cint (class 10)

Note: Indicates a preceding action.

बहुधा (bahudhā) - in many ways, manifoldly

(indeclinable)

Derived from bahu (many) with suffix -dhā.

Note: Adverb modifying vicintya.

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thence, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates sequence of events.

दीर्घम् (dīrgham) - long

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dīrgha

dīrgha - long, tall, deep

Note: Adverbially modifies niḥśvasya.

उष्णम् (uṣṇam) - hot, warm

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uṣṇa

uṣṇa - hot, warm, passionate

Note: Adverbially modifies niḥśvasya.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects dīrgham and uṣṇam.

निःश्वस्य (niḥśvasya) - having sighed, having breathed out

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root śvas (to breathe) with prefix niḥ-, suffix -ya for absolutive.

Prefix: niḥ

Root: śvas (class 2)

Note: Describes the manner of speaking.

प्रजाहेतोः (prajāhetoḥ) - for the sake of subjects/progeny

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of prajāhetu

prajāhetu - reason of subjects, for the sake of subjects

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (prajā+hetu)

• prajā – progeny, subjects, people
  noun (feminine)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Expresses the reason or purpose.

नृपोत्तमः (nṛpottamaḥ) - best among kings, excellent king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nṛpottama

nṛpottama - best among kings, chief of kings

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+uttama)

• nṛpa – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Appositive to haryaśvaḥ and rājā.