महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-114, verse-5

गालव उवाच ।
एकतःश्यामकर्णानां शतान्यष्टौ ददस्व मे ।
हयानां चन्द्रशुभ्राणां देशजानां वपुष्मताम् ॥५॥

5. gālava uvāca ,
ekataḥśyāmakarṇānāṁ śatānyaṣṭau dadasva me ,
hayānāṁ candraśubhrāṇāṁ deśajānāṁ vapuṣmatām.

5. gālava uvāca ekataḥśyāmakarṇānām śatāni aṣṭau dadasva
me hayānām candraśubhrāṇām deśajānām vapuṣmatām

5. Gaalava said: "Give me eight hundred horses, each with one black ear, moon-white, native to this region, and well-built."

Words meanings summery:

• गालव (gālava) - The sage Gaalava (Gaalava (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• एकतःश्यामकर्णानाम् (ekataḥśyāmakarṇānām) - of horses, each having one black ear (of those having one black ear)

• शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds

• अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

• ददस्व (dadasva) - give (me) (give)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

• हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

• चन्द्रशुभ्राणाम् (candraśubhrāṇām) - moon-white (describing horses) (moon-white, white as the moon)

• देशजानाम् (deśajānām) - native to this region (describing horses) (of those born in the country, native)

• वपुष्मताम् (vapuṣmatām) - well-built (describing horses) (of those having a body, handsome, well-built)

Words meanings and morphology

गालव (gālava) - The sage Gaalava (Gaalava (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gaalava (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of `uvāca`.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect 3rd singular

Reduplicated perfect form of `vac`

Root: vac (class 2)

एकतःश्यामकर्णानाम् (ekataḥśyāmakarṇānām) - of horses, each having one black ear (of those having one black ear)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of ekataḥśyāmakarṇa

ekataḥśyāmakarṇa - having one black ear

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ekatas+śyāma+karṇa)

• ekatas – from one side, on one side
  indeclinable
• śyāma – black, dark, dark-blue
  adjective
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying `hayānām`.

शतानि (śatāni) - hundreds

(noun)

neuter, plural of śata

śata - hundred

Note: Subject/Object with `aṣṭau`.

अष्टौ (aṣṭau) - eight

(numeral)

Note: Modifies `śatāni` (eight hundreds = 800).

ददस्व (dadasva) - give (me) (give)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of dā

Imperative 2nd singular middle voice

From reduplicated root `dā`

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Commands the recipient (the king) to give.

मे (me) - to me (to me, for me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Dative of interest, 'to me'.

हयानाम् (hayānām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Note: Possessive, 'of horses'.

चन्द्रशुभ्राणाम् (candraśubhrāṇām) - moon-white (describing horses) (moon-white, white as the moon)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of candraśubhra

candraśubhra - white as the moon

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (candra+śubhra)

• candra – moon
  noun (masculine)
• śubhra – white, bright, clean
  adjective

Note: Adjective modifying `hayānām`.

देशजानाम् (deśajānām) - native to this region (describing horses) (of those born in the country, native)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of deśaja

deśaja - country-born, native, indigenous

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (deśa+ja)

• deśa – country, region, place
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Suffix from root `jan`
  Root: jan

Note: Adjective modifying `hayānām`.

वपुष्मताम् (vapuṣmatām) - well-built (describing horses) (of those having a body, handsome, well-built)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of vapuṣmat

vapuṣmat - corporeal, embodied, handsome, well-built

Possessive suffix `mat` added to `vapus`

Note: Adjective modifying `hayānām`.