महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-109, verse-23

अत्र नित्यं दिशापालाः सायं प्रातर्द्विजर्षभ ।
कस्य कार्यं किमिति वै परिक्रोशन्ति गालव ॥२३॥

23. atra nityaṁ diśāpālāḥ sāyaṁ prātardvijarṣabha ,
kasya kāryaṁ kimiti vai parikrośanti gālava.

23. atra nityam diśāpālāḥ sāyam prātar dvijarṣabha
kasya kāryam kim iti vai parikrośanti gālava

23. Here, O best among the twice-born (dvijarṣabha), O Gālava, the guardians of the directions (diśāpālāḥ) constantly proclaim, both evening and morning, 'Whose task is this, and what is to be done?'

Words meanings summery:

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

• दिशापालाः (diśāpālāḥ) - guardians of the directions

• सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening, at evening

• प्रातर् (prātar) - in the morning, at dawn

• द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best among the twice-born (referring to Gālava) (O best among the twice-born)

• कस्य (kasya) - whose

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, action, business, purpose

• किम् (kim) - what, what kind of, how

• इति (iti) - thus, so, saying, an indication of quoted speech

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily (an emphatic particle)

• परिक्रोशन्ति (parikrośanti) - they cry out, they proclaim, they announce

• गालव (gālava) - O Gālava (proper name)

Words meanings and morphology

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place

(indeclinable)

नित्यम् (nityam) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

From `ni` + `tya` (suffix)

Note: Used adverbially.

दिशापालाः (diśāpālāḥ) - guardians of the directions

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of diśāpāla

diśāpāla - guardian of a direction

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (diśā+pāla)

• diśā – direction, quarter
  noun (feminine)
• pāla – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root `pāl` (to protect)
  Root: pāl (class 1)

सायम् (sāyam) - in the evening, at evening

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial.

प्रातर् (prātar) - in the morning, at dawn

(indeclinable)

From `prātas` (nominative/accusative neuter singular) used adverbially

Note: Adverbial.

द्विजर्षभ (dvijarṣabha) - O best among the twice-born (referring to Gālava) (O best among the twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijarṣabha

dvijarṣabha - chief of the twice-born, best of brahmins

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+ṛṣabha)

• dvija – twice-born (a Brahmin, a bird, a tooth)
  noun (masculine)
  `dvi` (two) + `ja` (born)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ṛṣabha – bull, best, chief
  noun (masculine)

कस्य (kasya) - whose

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Genitive of `kim`.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - task, duty, action, business, purpose

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, work

Gerundive

From root `kṛ` (to do) + suffix `ya`

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Here, the subject of the implied verb 'is'.

किम् (kim) - what, what kind of, how

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Used adverbially or as interrogative adjective/pronoun for `kāryam`.

इति (iti) - thus, so, saying, an indication of quoted speech

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, surely, verily (an emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

परिक्रोशन्ति (parikrośanti) - they cry out, they proclaim, they announce

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of parikruś

Present active indicative

From root `kruś` with prefix `pari`

Prefix: pari

Root: kruś (class 1)

Note: Subject is `diśāpālāḥ`.

गालव (gālava) - O Gālava (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - Gālava (name of a sage)