महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-109, verse-15

न तेषां ज्ञायते सूतिर्नाकृतिर्न तपश्चितम् ।
परिवर्तसहस्राणि कामभोग्यानि गालव ॥१५॥

15. na teṣāṁ jñāyate sūtirnākṛtirna tapaścitam ,
parivartasahasrāṇi kāmabhogyāni gālava.

15. na teṣām jñāyate sūtiḥ na ākṛtiḥ na tapas
citam parivartasahasrāṇi kāmabhogyāni gālava

15. O Gālava, neither their origin, their form, nor their accumulated austerity (tapas) are known. For thousands of cycles, they pursue objects of desire.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

• ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is perceived

• सूतिः (sūtiḥ) - birth, origin, creation

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• आकृतिः (ākṛtiḥ) - form, appearance, shape

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• तपस् (tapas) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

• चितम् (citam) - accumulated, gathered, heaped up

• परिवर्तसहस्राणि (parivartasahasrāṇi) - thousands of cycles, thousands of changes

• कामभोग्यानि (kāmabhogyāni) - enjoyable according to desire, fit for enjoyment by desire, objects of desire

• गालव (gālava) - O Gālava

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, their

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Demonstrative pronoun

ज्ञायते (jñāyate) - is known, is perceived

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of jñā

Present passive

Root jñā (9th class) in passive voice, Present tense, ātmanepada

Root: jñā (class 9)

सूतिः (sūtiḥ) - birth, origin, creation

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sūti

sūti - birth, origin, creation

From root sū (to give birth)

Root: sū

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

आकृतिः (ākṛtiḥ) - form, appearance, shape

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ākṛti

ākṛti - form, appearance, shape

From prefix ā- + root kṛ (to make)

Prefix: ā

Root: kṛ

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

तपस् (tapas) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)

चितम् (citam) - accumulated, gathered, heaped up

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of cita

cita - accumulated, gathered, heaped up

Past Passive Participle

From root ci (to gather, heap)

Root: ci

परिवर्तसहस्राणि (parivartasahasrāṇi) - thousands of cycles, thousands of changes

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of parivartasahasra

parivartasahasra - thousands of cycles, thousands of changes

Tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parivarta+sahasra)

• parivarta – revolution, cycle, change
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix pari- + root vṛt (to turn)
  Prefix: pari
  Root: vṛt
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

कामभोग्यानि (kāmabhogyāni) - enjoyable according to desire, fit for enjoyment by desire, objects of desire

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of kāmabhogya

kāmabhogya - enjoyable according to desire, fit for enjoyment by desire

Gerundive

Tatpuruṣa compound, from kāma (desire) and bhogya (to be enjoyed)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kāma+bhogya)

• kāma – desire, wish, love
  noun (masculine)
• bhogya – to be enjoyed, fit for enjoyment
  adjective (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root bhuj (to enjoy, eat)
  Root: bhuj

Note: Agrees with 'parivartasahasrāṇi'. Can also be accusative plural.

गालव (gālava) - O Gālava

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of gālava

gālava - name of a sage