महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-9

तस्मिंस्तु युद्धे तुमुले प्रवृत्ते पार्थं विकर्णोऽतिरथं रथेन ।
विपाठवर्षेण कुरुप्रवीरो भीमेन भीमानुजमाससाद ॥९॥

9. tasmiṁstu yuddhe tumule pravṛtte; pārthaṁ vikarṇo'tirathaṁ rathena ,
vipāṭhavarṣeṇa kurupravīro; bhīmena bhīmānujamāsasāda.

9. tasmin tu yuddhe tumule pravṛtte
pārtham vikarṇaḥ atiratham
rathena vipāṭhavarṣeṇa kurupravīraḥ
bhīmena bhīmānujam āsasāda

9. Indeed, when that tumultuous battle began, Vikarna, a hero of the Kurus, assailed Arjuna (pārtha) — who was a great charioteer (maharathi) and Bhima's younger brother — fiercely with a shower of broad-headed arrows from his chariot.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• तु (tu) - indeed (indeed, but, however)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• तुमुले (tumule) - tumultuous (tumultuous, noisy)

• प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - having begun (having begun, commenced)

• पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (pārtha) (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā)

• विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Vikarna (Vikarna (a Kuru prince))

• अतिरथम् (atiratham) - a great charioteer (maharathi) (a great charioteer, a maharathi)

• रथेन (rathena) - with his chariot (by means of a chariot, with a chariot)

• विपाठवर्षेण (vipāṭhavarṣeṇa) - with a shower of broad-headed arrows

• कुरुप्रवीरः (kurupravīraḥ) - hero of the Kurus (hero of the Kurus, Kuru warrior)

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - fiercely (by Bhima, terribly, fiercely)

• भीमानुजम् (bhīmānujam) - Bhima's younger brother (Arjuna) (Bhima's younger brother)

• आससाद (āsasāda) - assailed (approached, attacked, assailed)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agreement with yuddhe.

तु (tu) - indeed (indeed, but, however)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle

from root yudh (to fight)

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Locative absolute construction with pravṛtte.

तुमुले (tumule) - tumultuous (tumultuous, noisy)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of tumula

tumula - tumultuous, noisy, confused

Note: Agreement with yuddhe.

प्रवृत्ते (pravṛtte) - having begun (having begun, commenced)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of pravṛtta

pravṛtta - begun, commenced, occurred

Past Passive Participle

from pra-vṛt (to proceed, to begin)

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Locative absolute construction with yuddhe.

पार्थम् (pārtham) - Arjuna (pārtha) (Arjuna, son of Pṛthā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kunti), Arjuna

derived from Pṛthā

Note: Object of āsasāda.

विकर्णः (vikarṇaḥ) - Vikarna (Vikarna (a Kuru prince))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikarṇa

vikarṇa - Vikarna (name of a Kuru prince)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अतिरथम् (atiratham) - a great charioteer (maharathi) (a great charioteer, a maharathi)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a great charioteer, one who fights from a chariot

prefixed with ati- (superior)

Note: Epithet for Arjuna (Pārtham).

रथेन (rathena) - with his chariot (by means of a chariot, with a chariot)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

Root: rath (class 1)

Note: Instrument of attack.

विपाठवर्षेण (vipāṭhavarṣeṇa) - with a shower of broad-headed arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of vipāṭhavarṣa

vipāṭhavarṣa - shower of broad-headed arrows

tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vipāṭha+varṣa)

• vipāṭha – broad-headed arrow
  noun (masculine)
• varṣa – rain, shower
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Instrument of attack.

कुरुप्रवीरः (kurupravīraḥ) - hero of the Kurus (hero of the Kurus, Kuru warrior)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurupravīra

kurupravīra - hero of the Kurus, Kuru warrior

tatpuruṣa compound

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+pravīra)

• kuru – name of an ancient royal dynasty
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravīra – hero, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra

Note: Appositive to vikarṇaḥ.

भीमेन (bhīmena) - fiercely (by Bhima, terribly, fiercely)

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, fierce, Bhima (name of a Pandava prince)

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Adjective modifying vipāṭhavarṣeṇa, or adverbial meaning 'fiercely'.

भीमानुजम् (bhīmānujam) - Bhima's younger brother (Arjuna) (Bhima's younger brother)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīmānuja

bhīmānuja - Bhima's younger brother (Arjuna)

tatpuruṣa compound: Bhīma + anuja

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīma+anuja)

• bhīma – Bhima (name of a Pandava prince), terrible
  proper noun (masculine)
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• anuja – younger brother
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: anu
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Appositive to Pārtham.

आससाद (āsasāda) - assailed (approached, attacked, assailed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of āsasāda

Perfect tense

Reduplicated perfect from ā-sad

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)