महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-23

स पार्थमुक्तैर्विशिखैः प्रणुन्नो गजो गजेनेव जितस्तरस्वी ।
विहाय संग्रामशिरः प्रयातो वैकर्तनः पाण्डवबाणतप्तः ॥२३॥

23. sa pārthamuktairviśikhaiḥ praṇunno; gajo gajeneva jitastarasvī ,
vihāya saṁgrāmaśiraḥ prayāto; vaikartanaḥ pāṇḍavabāṇataptaḥ.

23. sa pārthamuktaiḥ viśikhaiḥ
praṇunnaḥ gajaḥ gajena iva jitaḥ
tarasvī vihāya saṃgrāmaśiraḥ prayātaḥ
vaikartanaḥ pāṇḍavabāṇataptaḥ

23. That mighty son of Vikaṛta (Karṇa), struck by the arrows released by Pārtha (Arjuna) and overcome as an elephant by another elephant, abandoned the forefront of the battle, scorched by the Pāṇḍava's arrows, and departed.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - That Karṇa (that, he)

• पार्थमुक्तैः (pārthamuktaiḥ) - by arrows released by Pārtha

• विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

• प्रणुन्नः (praṇunnaḥ) - impelled, driven, struck

• गजः (gajaḥ) - elephant

• गजेन (gajena) - by an elephant

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, vanquished, overcome

• तरस्वी (tarasvī) - mighty, powerful, energetic

• विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

• संग्रामशिरः (saṁgrāmaśiraḥ) - head of battle, forefront of battle

• प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - departed, gone forth

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karṇa (son of Vikaṛta, Karṇa)

• पाण्डवबाणतप्तः (pāṇḍavabāṇataptaḥ) - scorched by Pāṇḍava's arrows

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - That Karṇa (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Karṇa.

पार्थमुक्तैः (pārthamuktaiḥ) - by arrows released by Pārtha

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pārthamukta

pārthamukta - released by Pārtha

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pārtha+mukta)

• pārtha – son of Pṛthā (Arjuna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• mukta – released, discharged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root muc with suffix -ta
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'viśikhaiḥ'.

विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viśikha

viśikha - arrow

प्रणुन्नः (praṇunnaḥ) - impelled, driven, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praṇunna

praṇunna - impelled, driven, struck

Past Passive Participle

root nud with upasarga pra- and suffix -na (ṇatva of n)

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: From root nud with upasarga pra-.

गजः (gajaḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Used in simile.

गजेन (gajena) - by an elephant

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

Note: Used in simile.

इव (iva) - like, as if, as

(indeclinable)

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered, vanquished, overcome

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, vanquished, overcome

Past Passive Participle

root ji with suffix -ta

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: From root ji.

तरस्वी (tarasvī) - mighty, powerful, energetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tarasvin

tarasvin - mighty, powerful, swift

suffix -vin

Note: Qualifies 'vaikartanaḥ'.

विहाय (vihāya) - having abandoned, having left

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

root hā with upasarga vi- and suffix -ya

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: From root hā with upasarga vi-.

संग्रामशिरः (saṁgrāmaśiraḥ) - head of battle, forefront of battle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of saṃgrāmaśiras

saṁgrāmaśiras - forefront of battle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (saṃgrāma+śiras)

• saṃgrāma – battle, war
  noun (masculine)
• śiras – head, top, front
  noun (neuter)

प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - departed, gone forth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - departed, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

root yā with upasarga pra- and suffix -ta

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: From root yā with upasarga pra-.

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karṇa (son of Vikaṛta, Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - son of Vikaṛta (the Sun god), Karṇa

derived from Vikaṛta

Note: This is the subject of the sentence.

पाण्डवबाणतप्तः (pāṇḍavabāṇataptaḥ) - scorched by Pāṇḍava's arrows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍavabāṇatapta

pāṇḍavabāṇatapta - scorched by Pāṇḍava's arrows

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāṇḍavabāṇa+tapta)

• pāṇḍavabāṇa – Pāṇḍava's arrow
  noun (masculine)
• tapta – scorched, heated, burnt
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root tap with suffix -ta
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vaikartanaḥ'.