महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-19

तस्मिन्हते भ्रातरि सूतपुत्रो वैकर्तनो वीर्यमथाददानः ।
प्रगृह्य दन्ताविव नागराजो महर्षभं व्याघ्र इवाभ्यधावत् ॥१९॥

19. tasminhate bhrātari sūtaputro; vaikartano vīryamathādadānaḥ ,
pragṛhya dantāviva nāgarājo; maharṣabhaṁ vyāghra ivābhyadhāvat.

19. tasmin hate bhrātari sūtaputraḥ
vaikartanaḥ vīryam atha ādadānaḥ
pragṛhya dantau iva nāgarājaḥ
maharṣabham vyāghraḥ iva abhyadhāvat

19. When his brother (Jayadratha) was killed, Karna, the son of the charioteer and Vaikartana, then taking up his valor, rushed forth like a king of elephants seizing with its tusks, or like a tiger attacking a great bull.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (brother) (in that, on that, when that)

• हते (hate) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

• भ्रातरि (bhrātari) - (his) brother (Jayadratha) (in the brother, on the brother)

• सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karna, the son of the charioteer (son of a charioteer (Karna))

• वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karna (Karna (son of Vīkartana or Sūrya))

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - his valor (valor, heroism, strength, power)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, next, now)

• आददानः (ādadānaḥ) - taking up, assuming (taking up, assuming, grasping)

• प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - seizing (with) (having seized, having grasped, holding)

• दन्तौ (dantau) - its two tusks (two teeth, two tusks)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

• नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - a king of elephants (king of serpents, king of elephants)

• महर्षभम् (maharṣabham) - a great bull

• व्याघ्रः (vyāghraḥ) - a tiger (tiger)

• इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

• अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed forth (to attack) (rushed towards, attacked)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - when that (brother) (in that, on that, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

हते (hate) - killed (killed, struck down, destroyed)

(participle)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, struck, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, agreeing with `bhrātari`.

भ्रातरि (bhrātari) - (his) brother (Jayadratha) (in the brother, on the brother)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction. Refers to Jayadratha, as a brother-in-law or close ally to Karna/Duryodhana.

सूतपुत्रः (sūtaputraḥ) - Karna, the son of the charioteer (son of a charioteer (Karna))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūtaputra

sūtaputra - son of a charioteer (epithet for Karna)

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (sūta+putra)

• sūta – charioteer, bard
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son, offspring
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Karna.

वैकर्तनः (vaikartanaḥ) - Karna (Karna (son of Vīkartana or Sūrya))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaikartana

vaikartana - Karna (son of Vikartana or Surya)

Derived from Vikartana (an epithet of Surya)

Note: Another epithet for Karna.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - his valor (valor, heroism, strength, power)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - heroism, valor, strength, energy, potency

Note: Object of `ādadānaḥ`.

अथ (atha) - then (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used to introduce a subsequent event.

आददानः (ādadānaḥ) - taking up, assuming (taking up, assuming, grasping)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ā-√dā

dā - to give; (with ā) to take, seize, accept, assume

Prefix: ā

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Present middle participle, masculine nominative singular, agreeing with `sūtaputraḥ`.

प्रगृह्य (pragṛhya) - seizing (with) (having seized, having grasped, holding)

(indeclinable participle)

Note: Absolutive (gerund) indicating prior action, from √grah with prefix pra.

दन्तौ (dantau) - its two tusks (two teeth, two tusks)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of danta

danta - tooth, tusk

Note: Object of `pragṛhya`.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

नागराजः (nāgarājaḥ) - a king of elephants (king of serpents, king of elephants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgarāja

nāgarāja - king of serpents; chief elephant, king of elephants

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (nāga+rāja)

• nāga – serpent, snake; elephant
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, sovereign
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of the first simile. "King of elephants" fits with `dantau`.

महर्षभम् (maharṣabham) - a great bull

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maharṣabha

maharṣabha - great bull, chief of bulls

Karmadharaya compound

Compound type : karmadharaya (mahat+ṛṣabha)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective (neuter)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of the implied verb of `vyāghra iva`.

व्याघ्रः (vyāghraḥ) - a tiger (tiger)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāghra

vyāghra - tiger

Prefix: vi

Root: ghrā (class 1)

Note: Subject of the second simile.

इव (iva) - like (like, as if, as)

(indeclinable)

अभ्यधावत् (abhyadhāvat) - rushed forth (to attack) (rushed towards, attacked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of abhi-ā-√dhāv

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular.