महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-10

ततो विकर्णस्य धनुर्विकृष्य जाम्बूनदाग्र्योपचितं दृढज्यम् ।
अपातयद्ध्वजमस्य प्रमथ्य छिन्नध्वजः सोऽप्यपयाज्जवेन ॥१०॥

10. tato vikarṇasya dhanurvikṛṣya; jāmbūnadāgryopacitaṁ dṛḍhajyam ,
apātayaddhvajamasya pramathya; chinnadhvajaḥ so'pyapayājjavena.

10. tataḥ vikarṇasya dhanuḥ vikṛṣya
jāmbūnadāgryopacitam dṛḍhajyam
apātayat dhvajam asya pramathya
chinnadhvajaḥ saḥ api ayāt javena

10. Then, having broken Vikarna's bow, which was adorned with excellent gold and had a strong string, and having destroyed his banner, (Arjuna) struck it down. Deprived of his banner, Vikarna himself quickly retreated.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter)

• विकर्णस्य (vikarṇasya) - of Vikarna

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• विकृष्य (vikṛṣya) - having broken apart (having torn apart, having pulled apart)

• जाम्बूनदाग्र्योपचितम् (jāmbūnadāgryopacitam) - adorned with excellent gold

• दृढज्यम् (dṛḍhajyam) - having a strong string

• अपातयत् (apātayat) - struck down (struck down, caused to fall)

• ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner (banner, flag)

• अस्य (asya) - his (of Vikarna) (of him, his)

• प्रमथ्य (pramathya) - having destroyed (having crushed, having destroyed)

• छिन्नध्वजः (chinnadhvajaḥ) - deprived of his banner (whose banner is cut, deprived of banner)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Vikarna) (he, that)

• अपि (api) - also, himself (also, even)

• अयात् (ayāt) - retreated (went, retreated)

• जवेन (javena) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, with speed)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter)

(indeclinable)

विकर्णस्य (vikarṇasya) - of Vikarna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vikarṇa

vikarṇa - Vikarna (name of a Kuru prince)

Note: Possession.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanu

dhanu - bow

Root: dhanv (class 1)

Note: Object of vikṛṣya.

विकृष्य (vikṛṣya) - having broken apart (having torn apart, having pulled apart)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from vi-kṛṣ, indicating prior action

Prefix: vi

Root: kṛṣ (class 6)

जाम्बूनदाग्र्योपचितम् (jāmbūnadāgryopacitam) - adorned with excellent gold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of jāmbūnadāgryopacita

jāmbūnadāgryopacita - adorned with excellent gold

Past Passive Participle

bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'that which is covered by excellent gold'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jāmbūnada+agrya+upacita)

• jāmbūnada – gold (from the Jambunadi river)
  noun (neuter)
• agrya – excellent, chief, first
  adjective (masculine)
• upacita – adorned, covered, amassed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from upa-ci (to heap up, to adorn)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Agreement with dhanuḥ.

दृढज्यम् (dṛḍhajyam) - having a strong string

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dṛḍhajya

dṛḍhajya - having a strong bowstring

bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'strong-string'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛḍha+jya)

• dṛḍha – strong, firm, hard
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from dṛh (to be firm)
  Root: dṛh (class 1)
• jya – bowstring
  noun (feminine)

Note: Agreement with dhanuḥ.

अपातयत् (apātayat) - struck down (struck down, caused to fall)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of pātay

Causative verb, imperfect tense

from root pat (to fall) in causative form (pātayati)

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Subject is Arjuna (implied).

ध्वजम् (dhvajam) - banner (banner, flag)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhvaja

dhvaja - banner, flag, standard

Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Object of apātayat.

अस्य (asya) - his (of Vikarna) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vikarna.

प्रमथ्य (pramathya) - having destroyed (having crushed, having destroyed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

from pra-math, indicating prior action

Prefix: pra

Root: math (class 9)

छिन्नध्वजः (chinnadhvajaḥ) - deprived of his banner (whose banner is cut, deprived of banner)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnadhvaja

chinnadhvaja - whose banner is cut

bahuvrīhi compound, literally 'cut-banner'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+dhvaja)

• chinna – cut, broken, severed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from chid (to cut)
  Root: chid (class 7)
• dhvaja – banner, flag, standard
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhvaj (class 1)

Note: Refers to Vikarna.

सः (saḥ) - he (Vikarna) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Vikarna.

अपि (api) - also, himself (also, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic.

अयात् (ayāt) - retreated (went, retreated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: From yā (to go).

जवेन (javena) - quickly (quickly, swiftly, with speed)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, quickness

Root: ju (class 1)

Note: Adverbial instrumental.