महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-12

स तेन राज्ञातिरथेन विद्धो विगाहमानो ध्वजिनीं कुरूणाम् ।
शत्रुंतपं पञ्चभिराशु विद्ध्वा ततोऽस्य सूतं दशभिर्जघान ॥१२॥

12. sa tena rājñātirathena viddho; vigāhamāno dhvajinīṁ kurūṇām ,
śatruṁtapaṁ pañcabhirāśu viddhvā; tato'sya sūtaṁ daśabhirjaghāna.

12. saḥ tena rājñā atirathena viddhaḥ
vigāhamānaḥ dhvajinīm kurūṇām
śatruṃtapaṃ pañcabhiḥ āśu viddhvā
tataḥ asya sūtam daśabhiḥ jaghāna

12. He, though pierced by that great chariot-warrior king, entered the Kuru army. Having quickly pierced Shatruṃtapa with five (arrows), he then struck his charioteer with ten.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

• अतिरथेन (atirathena) - by king Jayadratha (by the great chariot-warrior, by one who fights from a chariot and is superior)

• विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced, wounded, struck

• विगाहमानः (vigāhamānaḥ) - entering, penetrating, plunging into

• ध्वजिनीम् (dhvajinīm) - army, host (literally, 'possessing banners')

• कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

• शत्रुंतपं (śatruṁtapaṁ) - the scorcher of enemies; a warrior named Shatruṃtapa

• पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five

• आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

• विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having wounded

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

• अस्य (asya) - of Shatruṃtapa (his, of him, of this)

• सूतम् (sūtam) - Shatruṃtapa's charioteer (charioteer)

• दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

• जघान (jaghāna) - struck, killed, slew

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

राज्ञा (rājñā) - by the king

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

अतिरथेन (atirathena) - by king Jayadratha (by the great chariot-warrior, by one who fights from a chariot and is superior)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a great chariot-warrior, an excellent charioteer

compound with 'ati' as an intensifying prefix

Compound type : tatpurusha (ati+ratha)

• ati – exceedingly, very, beyond
  indeclinable
  prefix/indeclinable
• ratha – chariot, chariot-warrior
  noun (masculine)

विद्धः (viddhaḥ) - pierced, wounded, struck

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viddha

viddha - pierced, struck, wounded

Past Passive Participle

from root 'vyadh' (to pierce, strike)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

विगाहमानः (vigāhamānaḥ) - entering, penetrating, plunging into

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigāhamāna

vigāhamāna - entering, plunging into, penetrating

Present Middle Participle

from root 'gāh' (to plunge, enter) with prefix 'vi'

Prefix: vi

Root: gāh (class 1)

ध्वजिनीम् (dhvajinīm) - army, host (literally, 'possessing banners')

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhvajinī

dhvajinī - an army (equipped with banners), host

कुरूणाम् (kurūṇām) - of the Kurus

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kuru

kuru - name of an ancient king; a descendant of Kuru; the Kuru dynasty

शत्रुंतपं (śatruṁtapaṁ) - the scorcher of enemies; a warrior named Shatruṃtapa

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śatruṃtapa

śatruṁtapa - scorcher of foes, tormentor of enemies

Compound type : tatpurusha (śatru+tapa)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• tapa – scorching, heating, tormenting; austerity (tapas)
  noun (masculine/neuter)
  derived from root 'tap'
  Root: tap (class 1)

पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - with five

(numeral)

आशु (āśu) - quickly, swiftly, immediately

(indeclinable)

विद्ध्वा (viddhvā) - having pierced, having wounded

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

from root 'vyadh' (to pierce, strike)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from there

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of Shatruṃtapa (his, of him, of this)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

सूतम् (sūtam) - Shatruṃtapa's charioteer (charioteer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, carpenter

दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - with ten

(numeral)

जघान (jaghāna) - struck, killed, slew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of han

Root: han (class 2)