महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-2

गोषु प्रयातासु जवेन मत्स्यान्किरीटिनं कृतकार्यं च मत्वा ।
दुर्योधनायाभिमुखं प्रयान्तं कुरुप्रवीराः सहसाभिपेतुः ॥२॥

2. goṣu prayātāsu javena matsyā;nkirīṭinaṁ kṛtakāryaṁ ca matvā ,
duryodhanāyābhimukhaṁ prayāntaṁ; kurupravīrāḥ sahasābhipetuḥ.

2. goṣu prayātāsu javena matsyān
kirīṭinam kṛtakāryam ca matvā
duryodhanāya abhimukham prayāntam
kurupravīrāḥ sahasā abhipeyuḥ

2. When the cows had swiftly departed, and recognizing that the Matsyas and Arjuna (Kirīṭin) had accomplished their task, the foremost Kuru warriors suddenly attacked Arjuna as he advanced towards Duryodhana.

Words meanings summery:

• गोषु (goṣu) - When the cows (had departed). (Locative Absolute construction) (among cows, in cows)

• प्रयातासु (prayātāsu) - Having departed (referring to the cows). (having departed, having gone)

• जवेन (javena) - swiftly, with speed

• मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - The Matsya warriors or the people of the Matsya kingdom. (the Matsyas (people))

• किरीटिनम् (kirīṭinam) - Referring to Arjuna, who is known as Kirīṭin. (the one with a diadem, crowned one)

• कृतकार्यम् (kṛtakāryam) - Having accomplished the task of recovering the cows. (having accomplished the task, having done what was to be done)

• च (ca) - and, also

• मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, recognizing

• दुर्योधनाय (duryodhanāya) - to Duryodhana, towards Duryodhana

• अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards, in front of

• प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - Referring to Arjuna as he was advancing. (going, advancing)

• कुरुप्रवीराः (kurupravīrāḥ) - the foremost Kuru warriors

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

• अभिपेयुः (abhipeyuḥ) - rushed upon, attacked

Words meanings and morphology

गोषु (goṣu) - When the cows (had departed). (Locative Absolute construction) (among cows, in cows)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox; earth, heaven, ray of light

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

प्रयातासु (prayātāsu) - Having departed (referring to the cows). (having departed, having gone)

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, departed, advanced

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of verb root yā (class 2) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'goṣu' in a locative absolute construction.

जवेन (javena) - swiftly, with speed

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of java

java - speed, swiftness, quickness

Note: Functions adverbially.

मत्स्यान् (matsyān) - The Matsya warriors or the people of the Matsya kingdom. (the Matsyas (people))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of matsya

matsya - fish; name of a people/kingdom

Note: Object of the absolutive 'matvā'.

किरीटिनम् (kirīṭinam) - Referring to Arjuna, who is known as Kirīṭin. (the one with a diadem, crowned one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - wearing a diadem/crown, crowned

Derived from kirīṭa (diadem) with possessive suffix -in.

Note: Functions as a proper noun, object of the absolutive 'matvā'.

कृतकार्यम् (kṛtakāryam) - Having accomplished the task of recovering the cows. (having accomplished the task, having done what was to be done)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtakārya

kṛtakārya - one who has done his work/duty

Compound of past passive participle and noun

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+kārya)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• kārya – work, deed, duty, to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  Gerundive of root kṛ.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'kirīṭinam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, recognizing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from verb root man (class 4).

Root: man (class 4)

दुर्योधनाय (duryodhanāya) - to Duryodhana, towards Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)

Note: Used with verbs of motion, implying 'towards'.

अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards, in front of

(indeclinable)

From prefix abhi- and mukha (face).

प्रयान्तम् (prayāntam) - Referring to Arjuna as he was advancing. (going, advancing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of prayānt

prayānt - going forth, advancing

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of verb root yā (class 2) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with the implied object (Arjuna) of 'abhipeyuḥ'.

कुरुप्रवीराः (kurupravīrāḥ) - the foremost Kuru warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of kurupravīra

kurupravīra - chief hero of the Kurus, foremost among Kurus

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+pravīra)

• kuru – name of an ancient kingdom and clan; descendant of Kuru
  proper noun (masculine)
• pravīra – excellent hero, brave warrior
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abhipeyuḥ'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, quickly, by force

(indeclinable)

Instrumental singular of sahas (force) used adverbially.

अभिपेयुः (abhipeyuḥ) - rushed upon, attacked

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pat

Perfect (Liṭ), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Plural

Perfect tense form of the root pat (class 1) with prefix abhi-.

Prefix: abhi

Root: pat (class 1)