महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-22

अथास्य बाहूरुशिरोललाटं ग्रीवां रथाङ्गानि परावमर्दी ।
स्थितस्य बाणैर्युधि निर्बिभेद गाण्डीवमुक्तैरशनिप्रकाशैः ॥२२॥

22. athāsya bāhūruśirolalāṭaṁ; grīvāṁ rathāṅgāni parāvamardī ,
sthitasya bāṇairyudhi nirbibheda; gāṇḍīvamuktairaśaniprakāśaiḥ.

22. atha asya bāhūruśirolalāṭaṃ
grīvāṃ rathāṅgāni parāvamardī
sthitasya bāṇaiḥ yudhi nirbibheda
gāṇḍīvamuktaiḥ aśaniprakāśaiḥ

22. Then he, the tormentor of enemies, (Arjuna) pierced his (Karṇa's) arms, thighs, head, forehead, neck, and chariot parts with arrows that were released from the Gāṇḍīva bow and shone like lightning, while he (Karṇa) was standing in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, now

• अस्य (asya) - of him (Karṇa) (his, of this/that)

• बाहूरुशिरोललाटं (bāhūruśirolalāṭaṁ) - arms, thighs, head, forehead

• ग्रीवां (grīvāṁ) - neck

• रथाङ्गानि (rathāṅgāni) - chariot parts, chariot wheels

• परावमर्दी (parāvamardī) - Arjuna, the tormentor of enemies (destroyer of enemies, tormentor of foes)

• स्थितस्य (sthitasya) - of Karṇa, who was standing (of one standing, of one situated)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

• निर्बिभेद (nirbibheda) - pierced, split

• गाण्डीवमुक्तैः (gāṇḍīvamuktaiḥ) - released from the Gāṇḍīva (bow)

• अशनिप्रकाशैः (aśaniprakāśaiḥ) - shining like lightning

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, now

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him (Karṇa) (his, of this/that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

बाहूरुशिरोललाटं (bāhūruśirolalāṭaṁ) - arms, thighs, head, forehead

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bāhūruśirolalāṭa

bāhūruśirolalāṭa - arms, thighs, head, forehead

Compound type : dvandva (bāhu+ūru+śiras+lalāṭa)

• bāhu – arm
  noun (masculine)
• ūru – thigh
  noun (masculine)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)
• lalāṭa – forehead
  noun (neuter)

Note: Collective compound, singular in form.

ग्रीवां (grīvāṁ) - neck

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of grīvā

grīvā - neck

रथाङ्गानि (rathāṅgāni) - chariot parts, chariot wheels

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of rathāṅga

rathāṅga - chariot part, chariot wheel

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+aṅga)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• aṅga – limb, part
  noun (neuter)

परावमर्दी (parāvamardī) - Arjuna, the tormentor of enemies (destroyer of enemies, tormentor of foes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parāvamardin

parāvamardin - destroyer of enemies, tormentor of foes

Agent Noun

Compound of parā (enemy) + ava-mard (to crush)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (para+avamardin)

• para – enemy, other
  noun (masculine)
• avamardin – crusher, destroyer
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun
  From root mṛd with upasarga ava-
  Prefix: ava
  Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: Adjective for the implied subject (Arjuna).

स्थितस्य (sthitasya) - of Karṇa, who was standing (of one standing, of one situated)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated

Past Passive Participle

root sthā with suffix -ta

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: From root sthā. Qualifies 'asya'.

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight

Note: Locative of yudh (feminine noun).

निर्बिभेद (nirbibheda) - pierced, split

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of bhid

Note: Reduplicated perfect form of root bhid with upasarga nir-.

गाण्डीवमुक्तैः (gāṇḍīvamuktaiḥ) - released from the Gāṇḍīva (bow)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of gāṇḍīvamukta

gāṇḍīvamukta - released from Gāṇḍīva

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gāṇḍīva+mukta)

• gāṇḍīva – Gāṇḍīva (Arjuna's bow)
  proper noun (neuter)
• mukta – released, discharged
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  root muc with suffix -ta
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.

अशनिप्रकाशैः (aśaniprakāśaiḥ) - shining like lightning

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśaniprakāśa

aśaniprakāśa - shining like lightning

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aśani+prakāśa)

• aśani – lightning, thunderbolt
  noun (masculine)
• prakāśa – light, splendor, shining
  noun (masculine)
  From root kāś with upasarga pra-
  Prefix: pra
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'bāṇaiḥ'.