महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
स शत्रुसेनां तरसा प्रणुद्य गास्ता विजित्याथ धनुर्धराग्र्यः ।
दुर्योधनायाभिमुखं प्रयातो भूयोऽर्जुनः प्रियमाजौ चिकीर्षन् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sa śatrusenāṁ tarasā praṇudya; gāstā vijityātha dhanurdharāgryaḥ ,
duryodhanāyābhimukhaṁ prayāto; bhūyo'rjunaḥ priyamājau cikīrṣan.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca saḥ śatrusenām tarasā
praṇudya gāḥ tāḥ vijitya atha
dhanurdharāgryaḥ duryodhanāya abhimukham prayātaḥ
bhūyaḥ arjunaḥ priyam ājau cikīrṣan

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Arjuna, the foremost among archers, having swiftly repelled the enemy army and recovered those cows, then advanced again towards Duryodhana, intending to accomplish a pleasing feat in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सः (saḥ) - Referring to Arjuna. (he, that)

• शत्रुसेनाम् (śatrusenām) - enemy army

• तरसा (tarasā) - quickly, swiftly, with force

• प्रणुद्य (praṇudya) - having repelled, having pushed away

• गाः (gāḥ) - cows

• ताः (tāḥ) - Referring to the cows. (those)

• विजित्य (vijitya) - Having recovered the cows. (having conquered, having defeated, having recovered)

• अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

• धनुर्धराग्र्यः (dhanurdharāgryaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna. (the foremost among archers)

• दुर्योधनाय (duryodhanāya) - to Duryodhana, towards Duryodhana

• अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards, in front of

• प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - gone, set out, advanced

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, moreover

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

• प्रियम् (priyam) - A pleasing feat or deed. (dear, pleasing, agreeable)

• आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in conflict

• चिकीर्षन् (cikīrṣan) - wishing to do, desiring to act

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - Vaiśampāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect (Liṭ), Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Perfect tense form of the root vac. Irregular stem vāc-.

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - Referring to Arjuna. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

शत्रुसेनाम् (śatrusenām) - enemy army

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śatrusenā

śatrusenā - enemy army, hostile force

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śatru+senā)

• śatru – enemy, foe, rival
  noun (masculine)
• senā – army, host, forces
  noun (feminine)

तरसा (tarasā) - quickly, swiftly, with force

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of taras

taras - speed, velocity, force

Note: Functions adverbially.

प्रणुद्य (praṇudya) - having repelled, having pushed away

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from verb root nud (class 6) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: nud (class 6)

गाः (gāḥ) - cows

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox; earth, heaven, ray of light

ताः (tāḥ) - Referring to the cows. (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विजित्य (vijitya) - Having recovered the cows. (having conquered, having defeated, having recovered)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from verb root ji (class 1) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, now, thereupon

(indeclinable)

धनुर्धराग्र्यः (dhanurdharāgryaḥ) - Referring to Arjuna. (the foremost among archers)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanurdharāgrya

dhanurdharāgrya - foremost archer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanurdhara+agrya)

• dhanurdhara – bow-bearer, archer
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of dhanus (bow) and dhara (bearer).
• agrya – foremost, chief, best
  adjective (masculine)

दुर्योधनाय (duryodhanāya) - to Duryodhana, towards Duryodhana

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (name of the eldest Kaurava)

Note: Used with verbs of motion, implying 'towards'.

अभिमुखम् (abhimukham) - facing, towards, in front of

(indeclinable)

From prefix abhi- and mukha (face).

प्रयातः (prayātaḥ) - gone, set out, advanced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prayāta

prayāta - gone forth, departed, advanced

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of verb root yā (class 2) with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Arjuna.

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - again, further, moreover

(indeclinable)

Comparative form of 'bahu', used adverbially.

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of a Pāṇḍava prince), white, silver

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्रियम् (priyam) - A pleasing feat or deed. (dear, pleasing, agreeable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable

Note: Object of 'cikīrṣan'.

आजौ (ājau) - in battle, in conflict

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of āji

āji - battle, conflict, contest

चिकीर्षन् (cikīrṣan) - wishing to do, desiring to act

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of cikīrṣat

cikīrṣat - desiring to do, wishing to accomplish

Present Active Participle (Desiderative)

Present participle of the desiderative stem of root kṛ (class 8), meaning 'to do, make'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'arjunaḥ'.