महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-49, verse-7

तं चित्रसेनो विशिखैर्विपाठैः संग्रामजिच्छत्रुसहो जयश्च ।
प्रत्युद्ययुर्भारतमापतन्तं महारथाः कर्णमभीप्समानाः ॥७॥

7. taṁ citraseno viśikhairvipāṭhaiḥ; saṁgrāmajicchatrusaho jayaśca ,
pratyudyayurbhāratamāpatantaṁ; mahārathāḥ karṇamabhīpsamānāḥ.

7. tam citrasenaḥ viśikhaiḥ vipāṭaiḥ
saṃgrāmajit śatrusahaḥ jayaḥ ca
pratyudyayuḥ bhāratam āpatantam
mahārathāḥ karṇam abhīpsamānāḥ

7. O Bhārata, Citrasena, Saṅgrāmajit, Śatrusaha, and Jaya – these great chariot-warriors (mahārathāḥ), desiring Karṇa (karṇam abhīpsamānāḥ), advanced to meet him (tam) as he was approaching (āpatantam).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to the one mentioned in the previous verse (Pāṇḍava, carried by Uttara). (him, that)

• चित्रसेनः (citrasenaḥ) - Proper name of a warrior. (Citrasena)

• विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

• विपाटैः (vipāṭaiḥ) - with broad-headed arrows

• संग्रामजित् (saṁgrāmajit) - Proper name of a warrior. (Saṅgrāmajit (Victor in battle))

• शत्रुसहः (śatrusahaḥ) - Proper name of a warrior. (Śatrusaha (enduring/overcoming enemies))

• जयः (jayaḥ) - Proper name of a warrior. (Jaya (Victory))

• च (ca) - and

• प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they advanced, they went forth to meet

• भारतम् (bhāratam) - Vocative, refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, coming

• महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Proper name of a warrior. (Karṇa)

• अभीप्समानाः (abhīpsamānāḥ) - desiring, wishing for

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to the one mentioned in the previous verse (Pāṇḍava, carried by Uttara). (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun.

Note: Object of 'pratyudyayuḥ'.

चित्रसेनः (citrasenaḥ) - Proper name of a warrior. (Citrasena)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of citrasena

citrasena - Citrasena (proper name, 'having a splendid army')

Compound: 'citra' (splendid) + 'sena' (army).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa or Karmadhāraya (citra+sena)

• citra – bright, clear, variegated, splendid
  adjective (neuter)
• sena – army, host
  noun (feminine)

Note: One of the subjects of 'pratyudyayuḥ'.

विशिखैः (viśikhaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of viśikha

viśikha - arrow, headless arrow, pointed missile

'vi' (without) + 'śikha' (tuft, point). An arrow without a prominent tuft or head. Often used for "arrow" in general.

Note: Denotes means of fighting.

विपाटैः (vipāṭaiḥ) - with broad-headed arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vipāṭa

vipāṭa - a kind of arrow, broad-headed arrow

From root 'paṭ' (to cleave) with 'vi' prefix.

Prefix: vi

Root: paṭ (class 1)

Note: Denotes means of fighting.

संग्रामजित् (saṁgrāmajit) - Proper name of a warrior. (Saṅgrāmajit (Victor in battle))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāmajit

saṁgrāmajit - victorious in battle

Compound: 'saṃgrāma' (battle) + 'jit' (victorious, from 'ji' to conquer).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa or Bahuvrīhi (saṃgrāma+jit)

• saṃgrāma – battle, war, combat
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'gram' (to go) with 'sam' prefix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: gram (class 1)
• jit – conquering, victorious
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'ji' (to conquer) + 'kvin' suffix.
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'pratyudyayuḥ'.

शत्रुसहः (śatrusahaḥ) - Proper name of a warrior. (Śatrusaha (enduring/overcoming enemies))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatrusaha

śatrusaha - enduring enemies, overcoming foes

Compound: 'śatru' (enemy) + 'saha' (bearing, enduring).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (śatru+saha)

• śatru – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
• saha – bearing, enduring, overcoming
  adjective/noun (masculine)
  From root 'sah' (to endure).
  Root: sah (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'pratyudyayuḥ'.

जयः (jayaḥ) - Proper name of a warrior. (Jaya (Victory))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, conqueror

From root 'ji' (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'pratyudyayuḥ'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

प्रत्युद्ययुः (pratyudyayuḥ) - they advanced, they went forth to meet

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of pratyudyā

Perfect tense

From root 'yā' (to go) with 'prati' and 'ud' prefixes. Perfect 3rd plural active.

Prefixes: prati+ud

Root: yā (class 2)

भारतम् (bhāratam) - Vocative, refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O Bhārata, O descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to India, great warrior

Patronymic from 'bharata' + 'a' suffix.

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Addressee of the narrator.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, coming

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling upon, coming

Present Active Participle

From root 'pat' (to fall, fly) with 'ā' prefix + 'śatṛ' suffix.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

महारथाः (mahārathāḥ) - great chariot-warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahāratha

mahāratha - a great warrior fighting from a chariot, a chief hero

Compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ratha' (chariot/chariot-warrior).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective (feminine)
  From 'mahat' (great).
• ratha – chariot, chariot-warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ramh' (to go, run).
  Root: ramh (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'pratyudyayuḥ'.

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Proper name of a warrior. (Karṇa)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper name, 'ear')

अभीप्समानाः (abhīpsamānāḥ) - desiring, wishing for

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of abhīpsamāṇa

abhīpsamāṇa - desiring, wishing for, eager for

Present Middle Participle

From root 'āp' (to obtain) + desiderative suffix 'sa' + 'abhī' prefix + 'śānac' suffix.

Prefix: abhī

Root: āp (class 5)