महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-8

अर्जुन उवाच ।
इषुपाते च सेनाया हयान्संयच्छ सारथे ।
यावत्समीक्षे सैन्येऽस्मिन्क्वासौ कुरुकुलाधमः ॥८॥

8. arjuna uvāca ,
iṣupāte ca senāyā hayānsaṁyaccha sārathe ,
yāvatsamīkṣe sainye'sminkvāsau kurukulādhamaḥ.

8. arjuna uvāca iṣupāte ca senāyā hayān saṃyaccha sārathe
yāvat samīkṣe sainye asmin kva asau kurukulādhamah

8. Arjuna said: 'O charioteer! Hold the horses within the range of the army's arrows, until I can observe in this army where that disgrace of the Kuru family is.'

Words meanings summery:

• अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• इषुपाते (iṣupāte) - in the range of arrows, at arrow-fall

• च (ca) - and, also

• सेनाया (senāyā) - of the army

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• संयच्छ (saṁyaccha) - hold, restrain, check

• सारथे (sārathe) - O Krishna, acting as charioteer! (O charioteer!)

• यावत् (yāvat) - until, as long as, as far as

• समीक्षे (samīkṣe) - I observe, I look closely

• सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

• क्व (kva) - where?

• असौ (asau) - that (specific) person (Duryodhana) (that one, he)

• कुरुकुलाधमह् (kurukulādhamah) - Duryodhana (lowest of the Kuru family, disgrace of the Kuru family)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्जुन (arjuna) - Arjuna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (name of Pāṇḍava prince), white, silvery

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active Voice

Third person singular perfect form of root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

इषुपाते (iṣupāte) - in the range of arrows, at arrow-fall

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of iṣupāta

iṣupāta - range of an arrow, arrow-fall

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (iṣu+pāta)

• iṣu – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• pāta – fall, falling, throw, range
  noun (masculine)
  from root pat (to fall)
  Root: pat (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

सेनाया (senāyā) - of the army

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of senā

senā - army, host, troop

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Root: hi (class 5)

संयच्छ (saṁyaccha) - hold, restrain, check

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of saṃyam

Imperative Active Voice

Second person singular imperative form of root yam with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: yam (class 1)

सारथे (sārathe) - O Krishna, acting as charioteer! (O charioteer!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, guide

यावत् (yāvat) - until, as long as, as far as

(indeclinable)

Indeclinable (avyaya).

समीक्षे (samīkṣe) - I observe, I look closely

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of samīkṣ

Present Middle Voice

First person singular present form of root īkṣ with prefix sam.

Prefix: sam

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

सैन्ये (sainye) - in the army

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host of soldiers, military force

Root: senā

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Demonstrative pronoun.

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

असौ (asau) - that (specific) person (Duryodhana) (that one, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, that one, yonder

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the 'disgrace of the Kuru family'.

कुरुकुलाधमह् (kurukulādhamah) - Duryodhana (lowest of the Kuru family, disgrace of the Kuru family)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kurukulādhama

kurukulādhama - the lowest of the Kuru family, disgrace of the Kuru family

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (kuru-kula+adhama)

• kuru-kula – Kuru family, Kuru dynasty
  noun (neuter)
• adhama – lowest, meanest, worst, vile
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.