महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-5

एष तिष्ठन्रथश्रेष्ठो रथे रथवरप्रणुत् ।
उत्कर्षति धनुःश्रेष्ठं गाण्डीवमशनिस्वनम् ॥५॥

5. eṣa tiṣṭhanrathaśreṣṭho rathe rathavarapraṇut ,
utkarṣati dhanuḥśreṣṭhaṁ gāṇḍīvamaśanisvanam.

5. eṣaḥ tiṣṭhan rathaśreṣṭhaḥ rathe rathavarapraṇut
utkarṣati dhanuḥśreṣṭham gāṇḍīvam aśanisvanam

5. Standing in his chariot, this foremost charioteer, who skillfully drives the excellent chariot, now draws the supreme Gāṇḍīva bow, which thunders like lightning.

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Arjuna) (this)

• तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing (in the chariot) (standing, staying, being)

• रथश्रेष्ठः (rathaśreṣṭhaḥ) - the foremost charioteer (Arjuna) (best charioteer, foremost of chariots)

• रथे (rathe) - in his (Arjuna's) chariot (in the chariot)

• रथवरप्रणुत् (rathavarapraṇut) - (Arjuna is) a driver of an excellent chariot (driving the excellent chariot, an excellent charioteer)

• उत्कर्षति (utkarṣati) - draws (the bowstring) (draws, pulls, stretches)

• धनुःश्रेष्ठम् (dhanuḥśreṣṭham) - the best of bows (referring to Gāṇḍīva) (best bow, excellent bow)

• गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - Arjuna's divine Gāṇḍīva bow (the Gāṇḍīva (bow))

• अशनिस्वनम् (aśanisvanam) - with a sound like a thunderbolt (describing the bow's resonance) (thunder-sounding, with a sound like lightning)

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this (Arjuna) (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Refers to Arjuna.

तिष्ठन् (tiṣṭhan) - standing (in the chariot) (standing, staying, being)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tiṣṭhat

tiṣṭhat - standing, existing, remaining

Present Active Participle

Formed from root `sthā` (to stand) + `śatṛ` suffix

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Adjectival, modifies `rathaśreṣṭhaḥ`.

रथश्रेष्ठः (rathaśreṣṭhaḥ) - the foremost charioteer (Arjuna) (best charioteer, foremost of chariots)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathaśreṣṭha

rathaśreṣṭha - best of chariots, best charioteer

Tatpuruṣa compound 'ratha-śreṣṭha'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+śreṣṭha)

• ratha – chariot, warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of praśasya/praśasta

Note: Appears to refer to Arjuna.

रथे (rathe) - in his (Arjuna's) chariot (in the chariot)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

From root `ramh`

Root: ramh

Note: Indicates location for `tiṣṭhan`.

रथवरप्रणुत् (rathavarapraṇut) - (Arjuna is) a driver of an excellent chariot (driving the excellent chariot, an excellent charioteer)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rathavarapraṇud

rathavarapraṇud - driver of an excellent chariot

Compound noun, from `ratha-vara` (excellent chariot) + `praṇud` (driver). `praṇud` is from `pra-nud` (to push, drive).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha-vara+praṇud)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh
• vara – excellent, best, chosen
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• praṇud – driver, impeller
  noun (masculine)
  From pra + nud (to push, drive)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Adjectival to `rathaśreṣṭhaḥ`.

उत्कर्षति (utkarṣati) - draws (the bowstring) (draws, pulls, stretches)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of utkarṣ

Present active 3rd singular

From prefix `ut` + root `kṛṣ` (to pull, draw)

Prefix: ut

Root: kṛṣ (class 1)

Note: Main verb.

धनुःश्रेष्ठम् (dhanuḥśreṣṭham) - the best of bows (referring to Gāṇḍīva) (best bow, excellent bow)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanuḥśreṣṭha

dhanuḥśreṣṭha - best bow

Tatpuruṣa compound 'dhanuḥ-śreṣṭha'

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dhanus+śreṣṭha)

• dhanus – bow
  noun (neuter)
• śreṣṭha – best, excellent, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of praśasya/praśasta

Note: Object of `utkarṣati`, further qualified by `gāṇḍīvam` and `aśanisvanam`.

गाण्डीवम् (gāṇḍīvam) - Arjuna's divine Gāṇḍīva bow (the Gāṇḍīva (bow))

(proper noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - name of Arjuna's bow

Note: Appears to be an appositive to `dhanuḥśreṣṭham`.

अशनिस्वनम् (aśanisvanam) - with a sound like a thunderbolt (describing the bow's resonance) (thunder-sounding, with a sound like lightning)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aśanisvana

aśanisvana - thunder-sounding, sounding like lightning

Compound 'aśani-svana' (lightning-sound)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (aśani+svana)

• aśani – thunderbolt, lightning
  noun (masculine)
• svana – sound, noise
  noun (masculine)
  From root svan (to sound)
  Root: svan (class 1)