महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-23

ऊर्ध्वं पुच्छान्विधुन्वाना रेभमाणाः समन्ततः ।
गावः प्रतिन्यवर्तन्त दिशमास्थाय दक्षिणाम् ॥२३॥

23. ūrdhvaṁ pucchānvidhunvānā rebhamāṇāḥ samantataḥ ,
gāvaḥ pratinyavartanta diśamāsthāya dakṣiṇām.

23. ūrdhvam pucchān vidhunvānāḥ rebhamāṇāḥ samantataḥ
gāvaḥ pratinyavartanta diśam āsthāya dakṣiṇām

23. The cows, shaking their tails upwards and bellowing all around, turned back, heading towards the southern direction.

Words meanings summery:

• ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, aloft, above

• पुच्छान् (pucchān) - tails

• विधुन्वानाः (vidhunvānāḥ) - shaking, agitating

• रेभमाणाः (rebhamāṇāḥ) - bellowing, roaring

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around, on all sides

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

• प्रतिन्यवर्तन्त (pratinyavartanta) - turned back, returned

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken up, having resorted to, having occupied

• दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern, right

Words meanings and morphology

ऊर्ध्वम् (ūrdhvam) - upwards, aloft, above

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions adverbially.

पुच्छान् (pucchān) - tails

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of puccha

puccha - tail

विधुन्वानाः (vidhunvānāḥ) - shaking, agitating

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vidhunvāna

vidhunvāna - shaking, causing to tremble, agitating

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from verb root dhū (class 5) with prefix vi-, meaning 'to shake off, agitate'. Present participle in Ātmanepada form.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'gāvaḥ'.

रेभमाणाः (rebhamāṇāḥ) - bellowing, roaring

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of rebhamāṇa

rebhamāṇa - bellowing, roaring, making noise

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from verb root rebh (class 1), meaning 'to roar, bellow'. Present participle in Ātmanepada form.

Root: rebh (class 1)

Note: Participle agreeing with 'gāvaḥ'.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - all around, on all sides

(indeclinable)

Derived from samanta (all-encompassing) with suffix -tas.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - cows

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox; earth, heaven, ray of light

प्रतिन्यवर्तन्त (pratinyavartanta) - turned back, returned

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of vṛt

Imperfect (Laṅ), Ātmanepada, 3rd Person Plural

From root vṛt (class 1, ātmanepada) with prefixes prati- and ni-.

Prefixes: prati+ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Ātmanepada form.

दिशम् (diśam) - direction, quarter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter, region

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken up, having resorted to, having occupied

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form from verb root sthā (class 1) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

दक्षिणाम् (dakṣiṇām) - southern, right

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful

Note: Agrees with 'diśam'.