महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-2

ददृशुस्ते ध्वजाग्रं वै शुश्रुवुश्च रथस्वनम् ।
दोधूयमानस्य भृशं गाण्डीवस्य च निस्वनम् ॥२॥

2. dadṛśuste dhvajāgraṁ vai śuśruvuśca rathasvanam ,
dodhūyamānasya bhṛśaṁ gāṇḍīvasya ca nisvanam.

2. dadṛśuḥ te dhvajāgram vai śuśruvuḥ ca rathasvanam
| dodhūyamānasya bhṛśam gāṇḍīvasya ca nisvanam

2. They indeed saw his banner-top and heard the sound of his chariot, and the intense twang of his greatly vibrating Gāṇḍīva bow.

Words meanings summery:

• ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw (they saw, they beheld)

• ते (te) - they (the Kauravas and their allies) (they, those)

• ध्वजाग्रम् (dhvajāgram) - his banner-top (top of the banner, banner-top)

• वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily (emphatic particle))

• शुश्रुवुः (śuśruvuḥ) - they heard

• च (ca) - and

• रथस्वनम् (rathasvanam) - the sound of his chariot (the sound of the chariot)

• दोधूयमानस्य (dodhūyamānasya) - of the greatly vibrating (of the greatly shaken, of the intensely agitated, of the twanging)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (greatly, intensely, exceedingly)

• गाण्डीवस्य (gāṇḍīvasya) - of his Gāṇḍīva bow (of the Gandiva (Arjuna's bow))

• च (ca) - and

• निस्वनम् (nisvanam) - the twang (sound, noise, twang)

Words meanings and morphology

ददृशुः (dadṛśuḥ) - they saw (they saw, they beheld)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect tense (liṭ) of √dṛś.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Subject is te.

ते (te) - they (the Kauravas and their allies) (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of dadṛśuḥ and śuśruvuḥ.

ध्वजाग्रम् (dhvajāgram) - his banner-top (top of the banner, banner-top)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhvajāgra

dhvajāgra - top of a banner, banner-tip

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhvaja+agra)

• dhvaja – banner, flag
  noun (masculine)
• agra – top, tip, front
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of dadṛśuḥ.

वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly, verily (emphatic particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

शुश्रुवुः (śuśruvuḥ) - they heard

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of śru

Perfect tense (liṭ) of √śru.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Subject is te.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses or items.

रथस्वनम् (rathasvanam) - the sound of his chariot (the sound of the chariot)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rathasvana

rathasvana - sound of a chariot

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+svana)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• svana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of śuśruvuḥ.

दोधूयमानस्य (dodhūyamānasya) - of the greatly vibrating (of the greatly shaken, of the intensely agitated, of the twanging)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dodhūyamāna

dodhūyamāna - greatly shaken, intensely agitated, causing to vibrate repeatedly

Present Passive Participle (Intensive)

From intensive stem of √dhū (to shake, move, vibrate) + -māna suffix.

Root: dhū (class 1)

Note: Modifies gāṇḍīvasya.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - intensely (greatly, intensely, exceedingly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb modifying dodhūyamānasya.

गाण्डीवस्य (gāṇḍīvasya) - of his Gāṇḍīva bow (of the Gandiva (Arjuna's bow))

(proper noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of gāṇḍīva

gāṇḍīva - Gandiva (the celestial bow of Arjuna)

Note: Possessive case.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects clauses or items.

निस्वनम् (nisvanam) - the twang (sound, noise, twang)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nisvana

nisvana - sound, noise, roar, twang

From ni + √svan (to sound).

Prefix: ni

Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Object of śuśruvuḥ.