महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-3

ततस्तत्सर्वमालोक्य द्रोणो वचनमब्रवीत् ।
महारथमनुप्राप्तं दृष्ट्वा गाण्डीवधन्विनम् ॥३॥

3. tatastatsarvamālokya droṇo vacanamabravīt ,
mahārathamanuprāptaṁ dṛṣṭvā gāṇḍīvadhanvinam.

3. tataḥ tat sarvam ālokya droṇaḥ vacanam abravīt
mahāratham anuprāptam dṛṣṭvā gāṇḍīvadhanvinam

3. Then, observing all that, and seeing the great chariot-warrior, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (Arjuna), Drona spoke.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, after observing the situation (then, thereupon, from that)

• तत् (tat) - that (entire scene or situation) (that, it)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (that was happening, the entire scene) (all, whole, complete)

• आलोक्य (ālokya) - having observed (the battlefield situation) (having seen, having perceived, having observed)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas) (Drona)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (what Drona spoke) (word, speech, utterance)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (Drona's speech) (spoke, said)

• महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great chariot-warrior (referring to Arjuna) (great charioteer, great warrior)

• अनुप्राप्तम् (anuprāptam) - who has arrived (on the battlefield) (having arrived, having reached, who has come)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (specifically Arjuna) (having seen, having perceived)

• गाण्डीवधन्विनम् (gāṇḍīvadhanvinam) - Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, after observing the situation (then, thereupon, from that)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (entire scene or situation) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to the entire scene or situation Drona observed.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all (that was happening, the entire scene) (all, whole, complete)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Adjectival use with `tat`.

आलोक्य (ālokya) - having observed (the battlefield situation) (having seen, having perceived, having observed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from prefix `ā` + root `lok` (to see, perceive) + suffix `lyap` (used when root has a prefix)

Prefix: ā

Root: lok (class 1)

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Drona (the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pandavas) (Drona)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Drona (a proper name, also a measure of capacity)

Note: Subject of the verb `abravīt`.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (what Drona spoke) (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speaking, speech, word, utterance

Derived from root `vac` (to speak)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of `abravīt`.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (Drona's speech) (spoke, said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect active 3rd singular

From root `brū` (or `vac`) in the `laṅ` (imperfect) system. The augment `a-` indicates past tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

महारथम् (mahāratham) - the great chariot-warrior (referring to Arjuna) (great charioteer, great warrior)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāratha

mahāratha - great chariot, great warrior, commander of 10,000 archers

Compound noun

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ratha)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ratha – chariot, warrior (who fights from a chariot)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ramh

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`, modifying `gāṇḍīvadhanvinam`.

अनुप्राप्तम् (anuprāptam) - who has arrived (on the battlefield) (having arrived, having reached, who has come)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuprāpta

anuprāpta - arrived, reached, obtained

Past Passive Participle

Formed from prefix `anu` + root `prāp` (to obtain, reach) + suffix `kta`

Prefix: anu

Root: prāp (class 5)

Note: Modifies `gāṇḍīvadhanvinam`.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen (specifically Arjuna) (having seen, having perceived)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root `dṛś` (to see) + suffix `ktvā`

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Shares agent with `ālokya` and main verb `abravīt`.

गाण्डीवधन्विनम् (gāṇḍīvadhanvinam) - Arjuna, the wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow (wielder of the Gāṇḍīva bow)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gāṇḍīvadhanvin

gāṇḍīvadhanvin - one who has the Gāṇḍīva bow, wielder of Gāṇḍīva

Bahuvrīhi compound

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gāṇḍīva+dhanvin)

• gāṇḍīva – name of Arjuna's bow
  proper noun (neuter)
• dhanvin – archer, bowman
  noun (masculine)
  From dhanus (bow) + -in (possessive suffix)

Note: Object of `dṛṣṭvā`.