महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-48, verse-20

तेषां नात्मनिनो युद्धे नापयानेऽभवन्मतिः ।
शीघ्रत्वमेव पार्थस्य पूजयन्ति स्म चेतसा ॥२०॥

20. teṣāṁ nātmanino yuddhe nāpayāne'bhavanmatiḥ ,
śīghratvameva pārthasya pūjayanti sma cetasā.

20. teṣām na ātmaninaḥ yuddhe na apayāne abhavat matiḥ
śīghratvam eva pārthasya pūjayanti sma chetasā

20. They had no thought (mati) for their own self-preservation in battle, nor for retreat. Instead, they could only mentally praise Partha's (Arjuna's) exceptional swiftness.

Words meanings summery:

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them (of them, for them)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• आत्मनिनः (ātmaninaḥ) - of their own self-preservation (of the self-interested, of those possessing self, of one's own self)

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• अपयाने (apayāne) - for retreat (in retreat, in flight)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - there was (there was, it became)

• मतिः (matiḥ) - thought, intention (thought, intention, mind, resolution)

• शीघ्रत्वम् (śīghratvam) - swiftness (swiftness, quickness, speed)

• एव (eva) - alone, only (only, just, indeed)

• पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Partha (Arjuna) (of Partha, of Arjuna)

• पूजयन्ति (pūjayanti) - they praised (they honor, they worship, they praise)

• स्म (sma) - (converts present verb to past tense) (particle indicating past tense with present verbs)

• छेतसा (chetasā) - with their minds, mentally (by mind, with heart)

Words meanings and morphology

तेषाम् (teṣām) - for them (of them, for them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the warriors from the previous verse.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle for ātmaninaḥ yuddhe.

आत्मनिनः (ātmaninaḥ) - of their own self-preservation (of the self-interested, of those possessing self, of one's own self)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ātmanin

ātmanin - one who has a soul/self; self-interested

Derivative of ātman with possessive suffix in.

Note: Refers to the warriors.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

Past Passive Participle (used as noun)

From root yudh (to fight) with suffix kta.

Root: yudh (class 4)

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two negated clauses.

अपयाने (apayāne) - for retreat (in retreat, in flight)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of apayāna

apayāna - going away, flight, retreat

From root yā (to go) with prefix apa.

Prefix: apa

Root: yā (class 2)

अभवत् (abhavat) - there was (there was, it became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Third person singular imperfect active of root bhū.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Subject is matiḥ.

मतिः (matiḥ) - thought, intention (thought, intention, mind, resolution)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mati

mati - thought, mind, understanding, intention, opinion

From root man (to think) with suffix ti.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Subject of abhavat.

शीघ्रत्वम् (śīghratvam) - swiftness (swiftness, quickness, speed)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śīghratva

śīghratva - swiftness, quickness, speed, rapidity

From śīghra (swift) with tva suffix (abstract noun).

Note: Direct object of pūjayanti.

एव (eva) - alone, only (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

पार्थस्य (pārthasya) - of Partha (Arjuna) (of Partha, of Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), Arjuna

Derivative of Pṛthā.

Note: Possessive for śīghratvam.

पूजयन्ति (pūjayanti) - they praised (they honor, they worship, they praise)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pūj

Present (Laṭ)

Third person plural present active of root pūj (denominal verb from pūjā).

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: The sma particle converts the present tense into a past historical narrative.

स्म (sma) - (converts present verb to past tense) (particle indicating past tense with present verbs)

(indeclinable)

छेतसा (chetasā) - with their minds, mentally (by mind, with heart)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of chetas

chetas - mind, intelligence, heart, consciousness

From root cit (to perceive).

Root: cit (class 1)